Communication system with signal-to-noise ratio adjustment mechanism and method of operation thereof

ABSTRACT

A communication system includes: a module configured to decode a remainder portion of a receiver message using a mechanism with a compensation channel value calculated from decoding an evaluation portion of the receiver message with a different mechanism, or using a mechanism-controller generated using a mismatch characterization based on determining a partial-sensitive output and a partial-insensitive output, or a combination thereof for communicating with a device.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION(S)

This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional PatentApplication Ser. No. 61/607,691 and 61/607,698, both filed Mar. 7, 2012,and the subject matter thereof is incorporated herein by referencethereto.

TECHNICAL FIELD

An embodiment of the present invention relates generally to acommunication system, and more particularly to a system withsignal-to-noise ratio based adjustment mechanism.

BACKGROUND

Modem consumer and industrial electronics, especially devices such ascellular phones, navigations systems, portable digital assistants, andcombination devices, are providing increasing levels of functionality tosupport modern life including mobile communication. Research anddevelopment in the existing technologies can take a myriad of differentdirections.

The increasing demand for information in modern life requires users toaccess information at any time, at increasing data rates. However,telecommunication signals used in mobile communication effectivelyexperience various types of interferences from numerous sources, as wellas computational complexities rising from numerous possible formats forcommunicated information, which affect the quality and speed of theaccessible data.

Thus, a need still remains for a communication system withsignal-to-noise ratio based adjustment mechanism. In view of theever-increasing commercial competitive pressures, along with growingconsumer expectations and the diminishing opportunities for meaningfulproduct differentiation in the marketplace, it is increasingly criticalthat answers be found to these problems. Additionally, the need toreduce costs, improve efficiencies and performance, and meet competitivepressures adds an even greater urgency to the critical necessity forfinding answers to these problems.

Solutions to these problems have been long sought but prior developmentshave not taught or suggested any solutions and, thus, solutions to theseproblems have long eluded those skilled in the art.

SUMMARY

An embodiment of the present invention provides a communication system,including: an initial-set module configured to determine an enhancementa-posteriori ratio based on decoding an evaluation portion of a receivermessage using a mismatch-insensitive mechanism limited by an initial runthreshold; an estimation module, coupled to the initial-set module,configured to calculate a mismatch estimation with a control unit basedon the enhancement a-posteriori ratio; a compensation module, coupled tothe estimation module, configured to determine a compensation channelvalue and a compensation extrinsic data using the mismatch estimation;and a remaining-set module, coupled to the compensation module,configured to decode a remainder portion of the receiver message using amismatch-sensitive mechanism with the compensation channel value and thecompensation extrinsic data for communicating with a device.

An embodiment of the present invention provides a communication system,including: a partial-calculation module configured to determine apartial-sensitive output and a partial-insensitive output for a receivermessage; a characterization module, coupled to the partial-calculationmodule, configured to calculate a mismatch characterization with acontrol unit using the partial-log output and the partial-max output;and a selection module, coupled to the partial-calculation module,configured to generate a mechanism-controller based on the mismatchcharacterization for communicating with a device.

An embodiment of the present invention provides a method of operation ofa communication system including: determining an enhancementa-posteriori ratio based on decoding an evaluation portion of a receivermessage using a mismatch-insensitive mechanism limited by an initial runthreshold; calculating a mismatch estimation with a control unit basedon the enhancement a-posteriori ratio; determining a compensationchannel value and a compensation extrinsic data using the mismatchestimation; and decoding a remainder portion of the receiver messageusing a mismatch-sensitive mechanism with the compensation channel valueand the compensation extrinsic data for communicating with a device.

An embodiment of the present invention provides a method of operation ofa communication system including: determining a partial-sensitive outputand a partial-insensitive output for a receiver message; calculating amismatch characterization with a control unit using the partial-logoutput and the partial-max output; and generating a mechanism-controllerbased on the mismatch characterization for communicating with a device.

Certain embodiments of the invention have other steps or elements inaddition to or in place of those mentioned above. The steps or elementswill become apparent to those skilled in the art from a reading of thefollowing detailed description when taken with reference to theaccompanying drawings.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a communication system with signal-to-noise ratio basedadjustment mechanism in an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is an exemplary block diagram of the communication system.

FIG. 3 is an example of a decoding module of the communication system ofFIG. 1.

FIG. 4 is a control flow of the communication system.

FIG. 5 is a further control flow of the communication system.

FIG. 6 is a flow chart of a method of operation of a communicationsystem in an embodiment of the present invention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

The following embodiments are described in sufficient detail to enablethose skilled in the art to make and use the invention. It is to beunderstood that other embodiments would be evident based on the presentdisclosure, and that system, process, or mechanical changes may be madewithout departing from the scope of an embodiment of the presentinvention.

The following embodiments can be used to adaptively utilize amismatch-sensitive mechanism and a mismatch-insensitive mechanism todecode a receiver message. For one example embodiment, the receivermessage can be partially decoded for an evaluation portion limited by aninitial run threshold. For a more specific example, the initial runthreshold can limit the partial decoding to one or more instances of afull iteration.

Continuing with the example embodiment, the partial decoding can utilizea mismatch-insensitive mechanism. Results of the partial decoding can beused to calculate a mismatch estimation between an actual and estimatedinstances of signal-noise ratio for the receiver message. The mismatchestimation can be used to determine a compensation channel value, acompensation extrinsic data, or a combination thereof. Remainder portionof the receiver message can be decoded using the compensation channelvalue, the compensation extrinsic data, or a combination thereof basedon a mismatch-sensitive mechanism.

Decoding the evaluation portion limited by the initial run thresholdusing the mismatch-insensitive mechanism, and decoding the remainderportion using the mismatch-sensitive mechanism provides lower errorrates. Further, the mismatch estimation, the compensation channel value,and the compensation extrinsic data provide increased robustness withoutsignificant extra complexity and provide processing efficiency.

For further example embodiment, the receiver message can be partiallydecoded for the evaluation portion limited by a partial-decodecontroller. For a more specific example, the partial-decode controllercan limit the partial decoding to one or more instances of a halfiteration.

Continuing with the example embodiment, the partial decoding can be doneusing both the mismatch-sensitive mechanism and the mismatch-insensitivemechanism to calculate a partial-insensitive output and apartial-sensitive output. The partial-insensitive output and thepartial-sensitive output can be used to determine a mismatchcharacterization, which can be compared to a selection range todetermine a mechanism-controller. The mechanism-controller can be usedto determine appropriate mechanism for decoding the receiver message.

The mismatch characterization, the partial-insensitive output, and thepartial-sensitive output provide lower complexity and required resourcesfor characterizing a mismatch in the actual and the estimated instancesof the signal-noise ratio. Moreover, the mismatch characterization, alogarithmic-probability mechanism, and a maximum-probability mechanismprovide lower error rates by selecting an appropriate decoding mechanismbased on a test. Further, the partial-sensitive output and thepartial-insensitive output determined with the partial-decode controllercorresponding to the half iteration provide decreased error rate whilemaintaining or reducing the processing burden and increased flexibilityin decoding the receiver message.

In the following description, numerous specific details are given toprovide a thorough understanding of the invention. However, it will beapparent that the invention may be practiced without these specificdetails. In order to avoid obscuring an embodiment of the presentinvention, some well-known circuits, system configurations, and processsteps are not disclosed in detail.

The drawings showing embodiments of the system are semi-diagrammatic,and not to scale and, particularly, some of the dimensions are for theclarity of presentation and are shown exaggerated in the drawingfigures. Similarly, although the views in the drawings for ease ofdescription generally show similar orientations, this depiction in thefigures is arbitrary for the most part. Generally, the invention can beoperated in any orientation. The embodiments have been numbered firstembodiment, second embodiment, etc. as a matter of descriptiveconvenience and are not intended to have any other significance orprovide limitations for an embodiment of the present invention.

The term “module” referred to herein can include software, hardware, ora combination thereof in an embodiment of the present invention inaccordance with the context in which the term is used. For example, thesoftware can be machine code, firmware, embedded code, and applicationsoftware. Also for example, the hardware can be circuitry, processor,computer, integrated circuit, integrated circuit cores, a pressuresensor, an inertial sensor, a microelectromechanical system (MEMS),passive devices, or a combination thereof.

The term “processing” as used herein includes filtering signals,decoding symbols, assembling data structures, transferring datastructures, manipulating data structures, and reading and writing datastructures. Data structures are defined to be information arranged assymbols, packets, blocks, files, input data, system generated data, suchas calculated or generated data, and program data.

Referring now to FIG. 1, therein is shown a communication system 100with signal-to-noise ratio based adjustment mechanism in an embodimentof the present invention. The communication system 100 includes a mobiledevice 102, such as a cellular phone or a notebook computer, connectedto a network 104. The network 104 is a system of wired or wirelesscommunication devices that are connected to each other for enablingcommunication between devices.

For example, the network 104 can include a combination of wires,transmitters, receivers, antennas, towers, stations, repeaters,telephone network, servers, or client devices for a wireless cellularnetwork. The network 104 can also include a combination of routers,cables, computers, servers, and client devices for various sized areanetworks.

The network 104 can include a base station 106 for directly linking andcommunicating with the mobile device 102. The base station 106 canreceive wireless signals from the mobile device 102, transmit signals tothe mobile device 102, process signals, or a combination thereof. Thebase station 106 can also relay signals between other base stations,components within the network 104, or a combination thereof.

The mobile device 102 can be connected to the network 104 through thebase station 106. For example, the base station 106 can include or bewith a cell tower, a wireless router, an antenna, a processing device,or a combination thereof being used to send signals to or receivesignals from the mobile device 102, such as a smart phone or a laptopcomputer.

The mobile device 102 can connect to and communicate with other devices,such as other mobile devices, servers, computers, telephones, or acombination thereof. The mobile device 102 can communicate with otherdevices by transmitting signals, receiving signals, processing signals,or a combination thereof and displaying a content of the signals,audibly recreating sounds according to the content of the signals,processing according to the content, such as storing an application orupdating an operating system.

The base station 106 can be used to wirelessly exchange signals forcommunication, including voice signals of a telephone call or datarepresenting a webpage and interactions therewith. The base station 106can also transmit reference signals, training signals, error detectionsignals, error correction signals, header information, transmissionformat, protocol information, or a combination thereof.

Based on the communication method, such as code division multiple access(CDMA), orthogonal frequency-division multiple access (OFDMA), ormethods deployed by the Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP),High Speed Packet Access (HSPA), Long Term Evolution (LTE), or fourthgeneration (4G) standards, or next generation communications standardsor data storage devices, the communication signals can include referenceportions, header portions, format portions, error correction ordetection portion, or a combination thereof imbedded in the communicatedinformation. The reference portions, header portions, format portionserror correction or detection portion, or a combination thereof caninclude a predetermined bit, pulse, wave, symbol, or a combinationthereof. The various portions can be embedded within the communicatedsignals at regular time intervals, frequency, code, or a combinationthereof.

The mobile device 102 can communicate with the base station 106 througha channel 108. The channel 108 can be wireless, wired, or a combinationthereof. The channel 108 can be a direct link between the mobile device102 and the base station 106 or can include repeaters, amplifiers, or acombination thereof. For example, the channel 108 can includecommunication frequency, time slot, packet designation, transmissionrate, channel code, or a combination thereof used for transmittingsignals between the mobile device 102 and the base station 106.

The communication system 100 can process and communicate a targetmessage 110 between devices. The target message 110 is data intended tocommunicate by reproduction or processing at a receiving device. Thetarget message 110 can represent a sound, an instruction or a process,an image, or a combination thereof. The target message 110 can be binarybits indicating the sound, the instruction or the process, the image, ora combination thereof.

The communication system 100 can divide or group portions of the targetmessage 110, interweave portions of the target message 110, or acombination thereof according to a method or process predefined by thecommunication system 100 to determine a code-word 112. The code-word 112is a unit of information having a length predetermined by thecommunication system 100 for communicating information between devices.

The code-word 112 can include a systematic portion 113, a parity portion114, or a combination thereof. The systematic portion 113 is informationrepresenting the target message 110 or a portion therein. The systematicportion 113 can further include information regarding the format, suchas data rate, identification for modulation or coding method, referenceportion, sender or receiver information, or a combination thereof.

The parity portion 114 is data appended to a set of data for checking orforward-error-correcting information for estimating or correcting theset of data. The code-word 112 can have the parity portion 114corresponding to portion of the target message 110 contained therein.

The communication system 100 can further determine a segment 116including instances of the code-word 112 for communicating the targetmessage 110. The segment 116 is a unit of information having a lengthgreater than the code-word 112 as predetermined by the communicationsystem 100 for communicating information between devices. The segment116 can be a grouping of instances of the code-word 112 in time,frequency, or a combination thereof.

The communication system 100 can use a modulation scheme 118 todetermine a symbol 120 corresponding to the code-word 112 or a portiontherein. The modulation scheme 118 is a system of physical variations ormeasureable attributes in the carrier signal for conveying informationbetween devices.

The modulation scheme 118 can include threshold, range, data rate,signal shape, or a combination thereof for instances of the symbol 120representing specific information, such as ‘1’, ‘0’, or a specificcombination thereof. For example, the modulation scheme 118 can includea frequency range, a phase range, a signal shape, carrier frequency,data rate, or a combination thereof for instances of the symbol 120representing ‘00’, ‘01’, 10′, or ‘11’.

The modulation scheme 118 can include analog or digital modulationmethods, such as amplitude modulation or various keying techniques. Forexample, the modulation scheme 118 can include quadrature amplitudemodulation (QAM), phase-shift keying (PSK), such as quadrature PSK(QPSK), frequency-shift keying (FSK), amplitude-shift keying (ASK),variations thereof, or a combination thereof.

The communication system 100 can use instances of the symbol 120 totransmit a transmitter message 122. The transmitter message 122 canchange while traversing through the channel 108 due to the qualitiestherein, such as from delayed signal reflections from various buildings,from interferences by other nearby transmitting sources, from theDoppler Effect experienced when the mobile device 102 is in transit, ora combination thereof.

The communication system 100 can characterize the effects oncommunication signals from the channel 108 using a channel quality 124.The channel quality 124 is a description of changes to signals caused bythe channel 108. The channel quality 124 can describe and quantizereflection, loss, delay, refraction, obstructions, or a combinationthereof a signal can experience while traversing between the basestation 106 and the mobile device 102. The channel quality 124 canfurther characterize interference the mobile device 102 can experiencefrom other transmitters, such as other mobile devices or other basestations, or from the movement of the mobile device 102.

The transmitter message 122 can further change due to a noise component126 contributed by the channel 108, hardware components processingsignals, or a combination thereof. The noise component 126 can include acharacterization of changes from influences other than ones captured bythe channel quality 124. The noise component 126 can also includechanges in the signals due to hardware component limitations, such astolerance levels or cross-talk between components. For example, thenoise component 126 can be additive in nature and have a random Gaussianor Rayleigh distribution for the changes.

The communication system 100 can receive a receiver message 128. Thereceiver message 128 is information received by a device in thecommunication system 100. The receiver message 128 can be thetransmitter message 122 altered by the qualities reflected by thechannel quality 124 and altered by the noise component 126 due totraversing through the channel 108.

For example, the base station 106 can format and process the targetmessage 110 into the code-word 112 having appropriate value of theparity portion 114. The base station 106 can determine one or moreinstances of the symbol 120 corresponding to the code-word 112 using themodulation scheme 118 and transmit the transmitter message 122. Thetransmitter message 122 can be affected while traversing a communicationmedium. The mobile station 102 can receive the receiver message 128corresponding to the transmitter message 122 after traversing throughthe channel 108.

The communication between devices for the communication system 100 canbe represented as:y[n]=hx[n]+z[n]; for n=0, . . . ,N−1.  Equation (1).The receiver message 128 can be represented by ‘y’ and the ‘x’ canrepresent the transmitter message 122. The channel quality 124 can berepresented by ‘h’ and the noise component 126 can be represented by ‘z’for the ‘nth’ instance of the code-word 112 within a grouping, such asthe segment 116, the transmitter message 122, or the target message 110,having a block size 134 of ‘N’. The block size 134 can be a number ofinstances of the code-word 112 predetermined as a group by thecommunication system 100, such as a frame or a code-word block.

The noise component 126 can be expressed as a noise variance 130. Thenoise variance 130 is a statistical characteristic of the noisecomponent 126. The noise variance 130 can be a measure of how far thenoise component 126 is spread out. The communication system 100 canestimate the noise variance 130, which can be expressed using ‘{tildeover (σ)}²’.

The communication system 100 can further estimate or calculate asignal-noise ratio 132. The signal-noise ratio 132 is a comparisonbetween a level of a desired signal to a level of background noise.

For example, the signal-noise ratio 132 can be the comparison betweenthe transmitter message 122, or a portion therein, and the receivermessage 128, or a portion therein. Also for example, the signal-noiseratio 132 can be the comparison between portions of the receivermessage, such as between the noise component 126 and a signal componentremaining after removing the noise component 126, the channel quality124, or a combination thereof from the receiver message 128.

For illustrative purposes, the communication system has been describedas having the base station 106 transmit the transmitter message 122 andthe mobile station 102 receive the receiver message 128. However, it isunderstood that the mobile station 106 can transmit the transmittermessage 122, which can traverse the channel 108 and be received andprocessed by the base station 106.

Referring now to FIG. 2, therein is shown an exemplary block diagram ofthe communication system 100. The communication system 100 can includethe first device 102, the communication path 104, and the second device106. The first device 102 can send information in a first devicetransmission 208 over the communication path 104 to the second device106. The second device 106 can send information in a second devicetransmission 210 over the communication path 104 to the first device102.

For illustrative purposes, the communication system 100 is shown withthe first device 102 as a client device, although it is understood thatthe communication system 100 can have the first device 102 as adifferent type of device. For example, the first device 102 can be aserver having a display interface.

Also for illustrative purposes, the communication system 100 is shownwith the second device 106 as a server, although it is understood thatthe communication system 100 can have the second device 106 as adifferent type of device. For example, the second device 106 can be aclient device.

For brevity of description in this embodiment of the present invention,the first device 102 will be described as a client device and the seconddevice 106 will be described as a server device. The embodiment of thepresent invention is not limited to this selection for the type ofdevices. The selection is an example of an embodiment of the presentinvention.

The first device 102 can include a first control unit 212, a firststorage unit 214, a first communication unit 216, and a first userinterface 218. The first control unit 212 can include a first controlinterface 222. The first control unit 212 can execute a first software226 to provide the intelligence of the communication system 100.

The first control unit 212 can be implemented in a number of differentmanners. For example, the first control unit 212 can be a processor, anapplication specific integrated circuit (ASIC) an embedded processor, amicroprocessor, a hardware control logic, a hardware finite statemachine (FSM), a digital signal processor (DSP), or a combinationthereof. The first control interface 222 can be used for communicationbetween the first control unit 212 and other functional units in thefirst device 102. The first control interface 222 can also be used forcommunication that is external to the first device 102.

The first control interface 222 can receive information from the otherfunctional units or from external sources, or can transmit informationto the other functional units or to external destinations. The externalsources and the external destinations refer to sources and destinationsexternal to the first device 102.

The first control interface 222 can be implemented in different ways andcan include different implementations depending on which functionalunits or external units are being interfaced with the first controlinterface 222. For example, the first control interface 222 can beimplemented with a pressure sensor, an inertial sensor, amicroelectromechanical system (MEMS), optical circuitry, waveguides,wireless circuitry, wireline circuitry, or a combination thereof.

The first storage unit 214 can store the first software 226. The firststorage unit 214 can also store the relevant information, such as datarepresenting incoming images, data representing previously presentedimage, sound files, or a combination thereof.

The first storage unit 214 can be a volatile memory, a nonvolatilememory, an internal memory, an external memory, or a combinationthereof. For example, the first storage unit 214 can be a nonvolatilestorage such as non-volatile random access memory (NVRAM), Flash memory,disk storage, or a volatile storage such as static random access memory(SRAM).

The first storage unit 214 can include a first storage interface 224.The first storage interface 224 can be used for communication betweenand other functional units in the first device 102. The first storageinterface 224 can also be used for communication that is external to thefirst device 102.

The first storage interface 224 can receive information from the otherfunctional units or from external sources, or can transmit informationto the other functional units or to external destinations. The externalsources and the external destinations refer to sources and destinationsexternal to the first device 102.

The first storage interface 224 can include different implementationsdepending on which functional units or external units are beinginterfaced with the first storage unit 214. The first storage interface224 can be implemented with technologies and techniques similar to theimplementation of the first control interface 222.

The first communication unit 216 can enable external communication toand from the first device 102. For example, the first communication unit216 can permit the first device 102 to communicate with the seconddevice 106 of FIG. 1, an attachment, such as a peripheral device or acomputer desktop, and the communication path 104.

The first communication unit 216 can also function as a communicationhub allowing the first device 102 to function as part of thecommunication path 104 and not limited to be an end point or terminalunit to the communication path 104. The first communication unit 216 caninclude active and passive components, such as microelectronics or anantenna, for interaction with the communication path 104.

The first communication unit 216 can include a first communicationinterface 228. The first communication interface 228 can be used forcommunication between the first communication unit 216 and otherfunctional units in the first device 102. The first communicationinterface 228 can receive information from the other functional units orcan transmit information to the other functional units.

The first communication interface 228 can include differentimplementations depending on which functional units are being interfacedwith the first communication unit 216. The first communication interface228 can be implemented with technologies and techniques similar to theimplementation of the first control interface 222.

The first user interface 218 allows a user (not shown) to interface andinteract with the first device 102. The first user interface 218 caninclude an input device and an output device. Examples of the inputdevice of the first user interface 218 can include a keypad, a touchpad,soft-keys, a keyboard, a microphone, an infrared sensor for receivingremote signals, or any combination thereof to provide data andcommunication inputs.

The first user interface 218 can include a first display interface 230.The first display interface 230 can include a display, a projector, avideo screen, a speaker, or any combination thereof.

The first control unit 212 can operate the first user interface 218 todisplay information generated by the communication system 100. The firstcontrol unit 212 can also execute the first software 226 for the otherfunctions of the communication system 100. The first control unit 212can further execute the first software 226 for interaction with thecommunication path 104 via the first communication unit 216.

The second device 106 can be optimized for implementing an embodiment ofthe present invention in a multiple device embodiment with the firstdevice 102. The second device 106 can provide the additional or higherperformance processing power compared to the first device 102. Thesecond device 106 can include a second control unit 234, a secondcommunication unit 236, and a second user interface 238.

The second user interface 238 allows a user (not shown) to interface andinteract with the second device 106. The second user interface 238 caninclude an input device and an output device. Examples of the inputdevice of the second user interface 238 can include a keypad, atouchpad, soft-keys, a keyboard, a microphone, or any combinationthereof to provide data and communication inputs. Examples of the outputdevice of the second user interface 238 can include a second displayinterface 240. The second display interface 240 can include a display, aprojector, a video screen, a speaker, or any combination thereof.

The second control unit 234 can execute a second software 242 to providethe intelligence of the second device 106 of the communication system100. The second software 242 can operate in conjunction with the firstsoftware 226. The second control unit 234 can provide additionalperformance compared to the first control unit 212.

The second control unit 234 can operate the second user interface 238 todisplay information. The second control unit 234 can also execute thesecond software 242 for the other functions of the communication system100, including operating the second communication unit 236 tocommunicate with the first device 102 over the communication path 104.

The second control unit 234 can be implemented in a number of differentmanners. For example, the second control unit 234 can be a processor, anembedded processor, a microprocessor, hardware control logic, a hardwarefinite state machine (FSM), a digital signal processor (DSP), or acombination thereof.

The second control unit 234 can include a second control interface 244.The second control interface 244 can be used for communication betweenthe second control unit 234 and other functional units in the seconddevice 106. The second control interface 244 can also be used forcommunication that is external to the second device 106.

The second control interface 244 can receive information from the otherfunctional units or from external sources, or can transmit informationto the other functional units or to external destinations. The externalsources and the external destinations refer to sources and destinationsexternal to the second device 106.

The second control interface 244 can be implemented in different waysand can include different implementations depending on which functionalunits or external units are being interfaced with the second controlinterface 244. For example, the second control interface 244 can beimplemented with a pressure sensor, an inertial sensor, amicroelectromechanical system (MEMS), optical circuitry, waveguides,wireless circuitry, wireline circuitry, or a combination thereof.

A second storage unit 246 can store the second software 242. The secondstorage unit 246 can also store the such as data representing incomingimages, data representing previously presented image, sound files, or acombination thereof. The second storage unit 246 can be sized to providethe additional storage capacity to supplement the first storage unit214.

For illustrative purposes, the second storage unit 246 is shown as asingle element, although it is understood that the second storage unit246 can be a distribution of storage elements. Also for illustrativepurposes, the communication system 100 is shown with the second storageunit 246 as a single hierarchy storage system, although it is understoodthat the communication system 100 can have the second storage unit 246in a different configuration. For example, the second storage unit 246can be formed with different storage technologies forming a memoryhierarchal system including different levels of caching, main memory,rotating media, or off-line storage.

The second storage unit 246 can be a volatile memory, a nonvolatilememory, an internal memory, an external memory, or a combinationthereof. For example, the second storage unit 246 can be a nonvolatilestorage such as non-volatile random access memory (NVRAM), Flash memory,disk storage, or a volatile storage such as static random access memory(SRAM).

The second storage unit 246 can include a second storage interface 248.The second storage interface 248 can be used for communication betweenother functional units in the second device 106. The second storageinterface 248 can also be used for communication that is external to thesecond device 106.

The second storage interface 248 can receive information from the otherfunctional units or from external sources, or can transmit informationto the other functional units or to external destinations. The externalsources and the external destinations refer to sources and destinationsexternal to the second device 106.

The second storage interface 248 can include different implementationsdepending on which functional units or external units are beinginterfaced with the second storage unit 246. The second storageinterface 248 can be implemented with technologies and techniquessimilar to the implementation of the second control interface 244.

The second communication unit 236 can enable external communication toand from the second device 106. For example, the second communicationunit 236 can permit the second device 106 to communicate with the firstdevice 102 over the communication path 104.

The second communication unit 236 can also function as a communicationhub allowing the second device 106 to function as part of thecommunication path 104 and not limited to be an end point or terminalunit to the communication path 104. The second communication unit 236can include active and passive components, such as microelectronics oran antenna, for interaction with the communication path 104.

The second communication unit 236 can include a second communicationinterface 250. The second communication interface 250 can be used forcommunication between the second communication unit 236 and otherfunctional units in the second device 106. The second communicationinterface 250 can receive information from the other functional units orcan transmit information to the other functional units.

The second communication interface 250 can include differentimplementations depending on which functional units are being interfacedwith the second communication unit 236. The second communicationinterface 250 can be implemented with technologies and techniquessimilar to the implementation of the second control interface 244.

The first communication unit 216 can couple with the communication path104 to send information to the second device 106 in the first devicetransmission 208. The second device 106 can receive information in thesecond communication unit 236 from the first device transmission 208 ofthe communication path 104.

The second communication unit 236 can couple with the communication path104 to send information to the first device 102 in the second devicetransmission 210. The first device 102 can receive information in thefirst communication unit 216 from the second device transmission 210 ofthe communication path 104. The communication system 100 can be executedby the first control unit 212, the second control unit 234, or acombination thereof. For illustrative purposes, the second device 106 isshown with the partition having the second user interface 238, thesecond storage unit 246, the second control unit 234, and the secondcommunication unit 236, although it is understood that the second device106 can have a different partition. For example, the second software 242can be partitioned differently such that some or all of its function canbe in the second control unit 234 and the second communication unit 236.Also, the second device 106 can include other functional units not shownin FIG. 2 for clarity.

The functional units in the first device 102 can work individually andindependently of the other functional units. The first device 102 canwork individually and independently from the second device 106 and thecommunication path 104.

The functional units in the second device 106 can work individually andindependently of the other functional units. The second device 106 canwork individually and independently from the first device 102 and thecommunication path 104.

For illustrative purposes, the communication system 100 is described byoperation of the first device 102 and the second device 106. It isunderstood that the first device 102 and the second device 106 canoperate any of the modules and functions of the communication system100.

Referring now to FIG. 3, therein is shown an example of a decodingmodule 302 of the communication system 100 of FIG. 1. The decodingmodule 302 can be configured to decode the receiver message 128 ofFIG. 1. The decoding module 302 process the receiver message 128 tocorrect errors and determine the target message 110 of FIG. 1 forfurther processing. The decoding module 302 can be used to implementturbo codes, such as used in Third Generation (3G) or Fourth Generation(4G) communication systems.

The decoding module 302 can decode the receiver message 128 after thereceiver message 128 has been detected, demodulated, processed fromsymbols to bits, or a combination thereof. The decoding module 302 cananalyze and process the receiver message 128 at a bit level bycalculating likelihoods, ratios, or a combination thereof. The decodingmodule 302 can further interleave and de-interleave bit levelinformation.

The decoding module 302 can process the receiver message 128 using aniterative scheme. The decoding module 302 can process one instance ofthe code-word 112 of FIG. 1 and repeat the process for all instances ofthe code-word 112 for the receiver message 128, the segment 116 of FIG.1, a portion therein, or a combination thereof.

For example, the decoding module 302 can process one instance of thecode-word 112 for a full iteration 304. The full iteration 304 can besteps or methods for completely processing one instance of the code-word112. The full iteration 304 can include two instances of a halfiteration 306 with of the two instances of the half iteration 306performing same steps or methods.

The decoding module 302 can include a first decoder module 308, a seconddecoder module 310, and an adjustment module 312. The first decodermodule 308 can be configured to statistically analyze and process thereceiver message 128 at a bit level. The first decoder module 308 canstatistically analyze and process the receiver message 128 by processinga first a-priori information 314 and a first extrinsic value 316.

The first a-priori information 314 is a prior knowledge for the firstdecoder module 308 about the receiver message 128, the transmittermessage 122 of FIG. 1, a portion therein, such as bits, symbols, or thecode-word 112, or a combination thereof. The first a-priori information314 can be a ratio of likelihoods, a logarithmic derivation thereof,such as a log-likelihood ratio (LLR), or a combination thereof for alikelihood that a bit is ‘1’ or ‘0’ or a group of bits are a specificsequence of ‘1’ and ‘0’.

The first a-priori information 314 can be expressed as:

$\begin{matrix}{{L_{a}\left( b_{k} \right)}\overset{def}{=}{\ln{\frac{p\left( {b_{k} = 1} \right)}{p\left( {b_{k} = 0} \right)}.}}} & {{Equation}\mspace{14mu}{(2).}}\end{matrix}$The first a-priori information 314 can be expressed using the oppositeratio, where ln(x) is the natural logarithm of x and p is theprobability function. A portion of the receiver message 128, such as abit, being processed by the first decoder module 308 can be expressed as‘b_(k)’, with ‘k’ corresponding to identification or sequential order ofthe portion of the receiver message 128.

The first decoder module 308 can initialize the first a-prioriinformation 314 to a value predetermined by the communication system100, a value resulting from demodulating or detecting the receivermessage 128, a value resulting from estimating the channel quality 124of FIG. 1, or a combination thereof. The first decoder module 308 caninitialize or reset the first a-priori information 314 when thecommunication system 100 is initialized, reset, performs a handoverprocess, or a combination thereof. The first decoder module 308 canfurther set the first a-priori information 314 to a value received fromthe second decoder module 310.

The first extrinsic value 316 is new information not derived fromreceived information. The first extrinsic value 316 can be a calculatedor estimated value. The first extrinsic value 316 can represent anerror, an improvement, or a difference between instances of processingor calculated results.

For example, the first decoder module 308 can calculate an a-posterioridata, which can be a later knowledge for the corresponding moduleregarding the transmitter message 122, the receiver message 128, a bittherein, or a combination thereof. The a-posteriori data can be ameasure of confidence level associated with a processed result matchinga corresponding portion within the target message 110 by processing thereceiver message 128 in light of the transmitter message 122 traversingthrough the channel 108 of FIG. 1. The a-posteriori data can account forthe parity portion 114 of FIG. 1 in the code-word 112.

Continuing with the example, the first decoder module 308 can calculatethe first extrinsic value 316 by taking the difference between the firsta-priori information 314 and the a-posteriori data. The calculation ofthe a-posteriori data can be integral to calculating the extrinsicvalue. The first decoder module 308 can further use a mismatch-sensitivemechanism 318, such as a logarithmic-probability mechanism 320, or amismatch-insensitive mechanism 322, such as a maximum-probabilitymechanism 324 to calculate the first extrinsic value 316.

The mismatch-sensitive mechanism 318 and the mismatch-insensitivemechanism 322 both are methods, sequences of steps, instructions, orprocesses, or a combination thereof for calculating extrinsic values.The mismatch-sensitive mechanism 318 can be characterized as havinghigher accuracy and producing lower error rate than themismatch-insensitive mechanism 322 for smaller differences between anestimated instance of the signal-noise ratio 132 of FIG. 1 and an actualinstance of the signal-noise ratio 132.

The logarithmic-probability mechanism 320 is a method, a sequence ofsteps, instructions, or processes, or a combination thereof forcalculating extrinsic values. The logarithmic-probability mechanism 320can be represented as:max*(x,y)=max(x,y)+ln(1+e ^(−(|x-y|))).  Equation (3).The logarithmic-probability mechanism 320 can be represented by ‘max*(x,y)’, with ‘x’ and ‘y’ representing two logarithmic probabilitiesgenerated by the first decoder module 308, the second decoder module310, or a combination thereof.

The maximum-probability mechanism 324 is a method, a sequence of steps,instructions, or processes, or a combination thereof different from thelogarithmic-probability mechanism 320. The maximum-probability mechanism324 can be simpler and less complex than the logarithmic-probabilitymechanism 320. The maximum-probability mechanism 324 can be representedas:max*(x,y)=max(x,y).  Equation (4).with ‘x’ and ‘y’ representing two logarithmic probabilities generated bythe first decoder module 308, the second decoder module 310, or acombination thereof.

The first decoder module 308 can utilize the mismatch-sensitivemechanism 318. For example, the first decoder module 308 can use thelogarithmic-probability mechanism 320 and operate as a log maximuma-posteriori probability (Log-MAP) decoder to calculate the firstextrinsic value 316. The logarithmic-probability mechanism 320 canutilize the calculation or estimation of the noise variance 130 of FIG.1, the signal-noise ratio 132, or a combination thereof.

The first decoder module 308 can also use the mismatch-insensitivemechanism 322, such as the maximum-probability mechanism 324, toapproximate values produced using the logarithmic-probability mechanism320. The first decoder module 308 can use the maximum-probabilitymechanism 324 and operate as a max-log-MAP (MLM) decoder. The firstdecoder module 308 using the maximum-probability mechanism 324 canproduce the first extrinsic value 316 that produces a more stabledecoding result when an estimate for the signal-noise ratio 132 iserroneous compared to an actual instance of the signal-noise ratio 132.

The first decoder module 308 can further estimate the first extrinsicvalue 316 using the logarithmic-probability mechanism 320, themaximum-probability mechanism 324, difference between the first a-prioriinformation 314 and the a-posteriori data, or a combination thereof. Thefirst decoder module 308 can implement the logarithmic-probabilitymechanism 320 using the maximum-probability mechanism 324 and adecoder-selection adjustment 326.

The decoder-selection adjustment 326 is a difference between valuescalculated using the mismatch-sensitive mechanism 318 and themismatch-insensitive mechanism 322. For example, for thelogarithmic-probability mechanism 320 and the maximum-probabilitymechanism 324, the decoder-selection adjustment 326 can be representedas:ln(1+e ^(−(|x-y|))).  Equation (5).The decoder-selection adjustment 326 can further be quantizedapproximations. The decoder-selection adjustment 326 can be implementedusing lookup tables.

It has been discovered that the decoder-selection adjustment 326implemented as quantized approximations and through lookup tablesprovide robustness without significant extra complexity and provideprocessing efficiency. The decoder-selection adjustment 326 implementedas quantized approximations and through lookup tables allow thecommunication system 100 to switch between the logarithmic-probabilitymechanism 320 and the maximum-probability mechanism 324 withoutrequiring separate functional units dedicated to each mechanism andwithout reprocessing the same data for different mechanisms.

The first decoder module 308 can include an adjustment set 328. Theadjustment set 328 is a set of values for selecting thedecoder-selection adjustment 326 according to the transmitter message,the receiver message 128, estimation of the noise component 126 of FIG.1 or the signal-noise ratio 132, estimation of the channel quality 124,any portion therein, or any combination thereof.

The first decoder module 308 can set the decoder-selection adjustment326 as the value corresponding to estimated or detected information inthe adjustment set 328. The first decoder module 308 can add thedecoder-selection adjustment 326 to a value resulting from using themismatch-insensitive mechanism 322, such as the maximum-probabilitymechanism 324, to calculate the first extrinsic value 316 according tothe mismatch-sensitive mechanism, such as the logarithmic-probabilitymechanism 320.

It has been discovered that the decoder-selection adjustment 326provides reduction in required hardware and processing efficiency. Thedecoder-selection adjustment 326 allows the same computational hardwareto utilize both the mismatch-sensitive mechanism 318, including thelogarithmic-probability mechanism 320, and the mismatch-insensitivemechanism 322, including the maximum-probability mechanism 324. Thedecoder-selection adjustment 326 can also be selected from theadjustment set 328 implemented as a look up table, which can reduce thecomputational burden during real-time processing.

The first decoder module 308 can use the first control unit 212 of FIG.2, the second control unit 234 of FIG. 2, the first communication unit216 of FIG. 2, the second communication unit 236 of FIG. 2, or acombination thereof to calculate or approximate the first a-prioriinformation 314, the first extrinsic value 316, the a-posteriori data,or a combination thereof. The first decoder module 308 can store thefirst a-priori information 314, the first extrinsic value 316, thea-posteriori data, or a combination thereof in the first storage unit214 of FIG. 2, the second storage unit 246 of FIG. 2, or a combinationthereof.

The first decoder module 308 can use the first control interface 222 ofFIG. 2, the second control interface 244 of FIG. 2, the first storageinterface 224 of FIG. 2, the second storage interface 246 of FIG. 2, ora combination thereof to access the adjustment set 328, the firsta-priori information 314, the receiver message 128, or a combinationthereof stored in the first storage unit 214, the second storage unit246, or a combination thereof. The first decoder module 308 cansimilarly access various mechanisms, such as the mismatch-sensitivemechanism 318 or the maximum-probability mechanism 324, anypredetermined methods or steps, or a combination thereof in the firststorage unit 214, the second storage unit 246, or a combination thereof.

The second decoder module 310 can be configured to statistically analyzeand process the receiver message 128 at a bit level. The second decodermodule 310 can statistically analyze and process the receiver message128 by processing a second a-priori information 332 and a secondextrinsic value 334.

The second a-priori information 332 is a prior knowledge for the seconddecoder module 310 about the receiver message 128, the transmittermessage 122, a portion therein, such as bits, symbols, or the code-word112, or a combination thereof. The second a-priori information 332 canbe a ratio of likelihoods, a logarithmic derivation thereof, or acombination thereof for a likelihood that a bit is ‘1’ or ‘0’ or a groupof bits are specific sequence of ‘1’ and ‘0’. The second a-prioriinformation 332 can be similar to the first a-priori information 314 andbe expressed using Equation (2).

The second extrinsic value 334 is new information that is not derivedfrom received information. The second extrinsic value 334 can be acalculated or estimated value. The second extrinsic value 334 canrepresent an error, an improvement, or a difference between instances ofprocessing or calculated results.

The second decoder module 310 can be similar to the first decoder module308. For example, the second decoder module 310 can initialize and setthe second a-priori information 332 similar to the first decoder module308 as described above. Also for example, the second decoder module 310can calculate or approximate the a-posteriori data, the second extrinsicvalue 334, or a combination thereof using the mismatch-sensitivemechanism 318 or the mismatch-insensitive mechanism 322, such as thelogarithmic-probability mechanism 320 or the maximum-probabilitymechanism 324, the decoder-selection adjustment 326, the adjustment set328, or a combination thereof as described above for the first decodermodule 308.

The second decoder module 310 can further be similar to the firstdecoder module 308 and use the first control unit 212, the secondcontrol unit 234, the first communication unit 216, the secondcommunication unit 236, or a combination thereof to calculate orapproximate the second a-priori information 332, the second extrinsicvalue 334, the a-posteriori data, or a combination thereof. The seconddecoder module 310 can store the second a-priori information 332, thesecond extrinsic value 334, the a-posteriori data, or a combinationthereof in the first storage unit 214, the second storage unit 246, or acombination thereof.

The first extrinsic value 316, the second extrinsic value 334, or acombination thereof can be passed to the adjustment module 312. Theadjustment module 312 can be configured to interleave and de-interleavethe first extrinsic value 316, the second extrinsic value 334, or acombination thereof. The adjustment module 312 can interleave orde-interleave the first extrinsic value 316, the second extrinsic value334, or a combination thereof by rearranging data, values, bits, or acombination thereof according to a method or a set of stepspredetermined by the communication system 100.

The adjustment module 312 can further use a decoder-output adjustment336 to adjust the first extrinsic value 316, the second extrinsic value334, or a combination thereof. The decoder-output adjustment 336 is ascalar value, which can adjust a value resulting from use of themaximum-probability mechanism 324 to calculate the first extrinsic value316, the second extrinsic value 334, or a combination thereof. Forexample, the decoder-output adjustment 336 can have a value between 0and 1. For a more specific example, the decoder-output adjustment 336can have a value of 0.7.

After interleaving, de-interleaving, adjusting, or a combination ofprocesses thereof for the first extrinsic value 316 and the secondextrinsic value 334, the adjustment module 312 can pass the processedresults to the first decoder module 308 and the second decoder module310. The adjustment module 312 can pass the first extrinsic value 316 tothe second decoder module 310, pass the second extrinsic value 334 tothe first decoder module 308, or a combination thereof.

For example, a first instance of the half iteration 306 can include thefirst decoder module 308 calculating the first extrinsic value 316, thesecond decoder module 310 calculating the second extrinsic value 334, ora combination thereof. The first decoder module 308, the second decodermodule 310, or a combination thereof can decode a portion of thecode-word 112 and decode the convolutional code consisting of thesystematic portion 113 of FIG. 1 and the parity portion 114. The firstdecoder module 308, the second decoder module 310, or a combinationthereof can decode half of the code-word 112 and process thecorresponding portion within the parity portion 114.

The first instance of the half iteration 306 can further include theadjustment module 312 interleaving, de-interleaving, adjusting, or acombination of processes thereof for the first extrinsic value 316, thesecond extrinsic value 334, or a combination thereof. The adjustmentmodule 312 can pass the updated instance of the first extrinsic value316 to the second decoder module 310, pass the updated instance of thesecond extrinsic value 334 to the first decoder module 308, or acombination thereof to complete the first instance of the half iteration306.

Continuing with the example, a second instance of the half iteration 306included in the full iteration 304 can include the first decoder module308 setting a received instance of the second extrinsic value 334 as thefirst a-priori information 314, the second decoder module 310 setting areceived instance of the first extrinsic value 316 as the seconda-priori information 332, or a combination thereof. The first decodermodule 308, the second decoder module 310, or a combination thereof canprocess the updated instances of the a-priori information to calculateupdated instances of the extrinsic value.

Continuing with the example, the adjustment module 312 can receive theupdated instance of the first extrinsic value 316, the second extrinsicvalue 334, or a combination thereof. The adjustment module 312 caninterleave, de-interleave, adjust, pass or a combination of processesthereof for the first extrinsic value 316, the second extrinsic value334, or a combination thereof. The processes for the adjustment module312 can complete the half iteration 306. Completing two instances of thehalf iteration 306 can complete the full iteration 304.

The decoding module 302 can process the receiver message 128 usinginstances of the full iteration 304 based on a stop criteria 338. Thestop criteria 338 is a condition for completing or pausing processing ofthe receiver message 128. The stop criteria 338 can be a maximumlimitation for instances of the full iteration 304, a pass or failcondition for an error checking process, based on input signal, such asan enable signal or a bit status, or a combination thereof.

The decoding module 302 can check for the stop criteria 338 at the endof each instance of the half iteration 306 or the full iteration 304.For example, the decoding module 302 can perform the error check orcorrection, such as a cyclic redundancy check or check sum, using theadjustment module 312 at the half iteration 306. Also for example, thedecoding module 302 can compare a counter for executed instances of thefull iteration 304 with the stop criteria 338.

The decoding module 302 can stop processing the receiver message 128when the stop criteria 338 has been satisfied. The decoding module 302can reset counters, initialize a-priori information, pass results toanother module, or a combination thereof after the stop criteria 338 hasbeen satisfied.

Referring now to FIG. 4, therein is shown a control flow of thecommunication system 100. The communication system 100 can include asignal-receiver module 402, a decode module 404, and a mismatch module406.

The signal-receiver module 402 can be coupled to the decode module 404.For example, one or more outputs of the signal-receiver module 402 canbe connected to one or more inputs of the decode module 404, one or moreinputs of the signal-receiver module 402 can be connected to one or moreoutputs of the decode module 404, or a combination thereof. Similarly,the decode module 404 can be coupled to the mismatch module 406.

The signal-receiver module 402 is configured to process one or moreinstance of the symbol 120 of FIG. 1 in the receiver message 128 ofFIG. 1. The signal-receiver module 402 can process the receiver message128 at the symbol level by characterizing the channel 108 of FIG. 1 andthe noise component 126 of FIG. 1.

The signal-receiver module 402 can be configured to determine a symbolvector 408, a total channel evaluation 410, or a combination thereoffrom the receiver message 128. The channel evaluation 410 can bedetermined using:

$\begin{matrix}{{L_{ch}\left( b_{k} \right)} \approx {{\max_{{x:b_{k}} = {+ 1}}\left( {{{- \frac{1}{\sigma^{2}}}{{{y - {Hx}}}}^{2}} + {\frac{1}{2}{b\left( x_{\lbrack k\rbrack} \right)}^{T}L_{A,{\lbrack k\rbrack}}}} \right)} - {\max_{{x:b_{k}} = {- 1}}{\left( {{{- \frac{1}{\sigma^{2}}}{{{y - {Hx}}}}^{2}} + {\frac{1}{2}{b\left( x_{\lbrack k\rbrack} \right)}^{T}L_{A,{\lbrack k\rbrack}}}} \right).}}}} & {{Equation}\mspace{14mu}(6)}\end{matrix}$The total channel evaluation 410 can be represented as ‘L_(ch)’ and thenoise variance 130 of FIG. 1 can be represented as ‘σ²’. The channelquality 124 can be represented by ‘H’ and ‘L_(A,[k])’ can represent thea-posteriori or extrinsic decoder data or combinations thereof, fromprevious iterations or half-iterations of decoding processes.

The signal-receiver module 402 can be configured to characterize thechannel 108 and by determining the channel quality 124 of FIG. 1. Thesignal-receiver module 402 can determine the channel quality 124 byidentifying a reference portion, such as a frequency, phase, timing,signal shape, content, or a combination thereof standardized and knownto the communication system 100 in the receiver message 128.

The signal-receiver module 402 can determine the channel quality 124 asthe change in the reference portion between the known or standardizedreference signal and the reference portion in the receiver message 128.For example, the signal-receiver module 402 can determine the channelquality 124 as changes in magnitude, frequency, timing, phase, shape,code, or a combination thereof identified in the reference portion ofthe receiver message 128.

The signal-receiver module 402 can be configured to determine the noisecomponent 126, an initial estimate of the noise variance 130,represented as ‘N₀/2’ or ‘σ²’, or a combination thereof. The noisecomponent 126, the initial estimate of the noise variance 130, or acombination thereof can be determined using the process similar to theone described above for determining the channel quality 124. The noisecomponent 126, the initial estimate of the noise variance 130, or acombination thereof can be determined using dedicated hardwarecircuitry, signal processing methods, or a combination thereof.

The signal-receiver module 402 can determine instances of the symbol 120in the receiver message 128. The signal-receiver module 402 can use asoft-decision mechanism, a hard-decision mechanism 412, or a combinationthereof to determine the symbol 120. The hard-decision mechanism 412 isa method or a sequence of steps that require a classification oridentification as to the identity of every input and output signal. Forexample, the signal-receiver module 402 can determine the identity ofthe symbol 120 according to the modulation scheme 118 of FIG. 1 forevery input and output signal, for each iteration, or a combinationthereof.

The soft decision can be a method or a sequence of steps that determineone or more likelihood for classification or identification of an inputsignal, output signal, or a combination thereof. For example, thesignal-receiver module 402 can determine the log-likelihood ratio thatthe signal in the receiver message 128 corresponds to various symbolswithin the modulation scheme.

The signal-receiver module 402 can determine the symbol vector 408 usingone or more instances of the symbol 120 determined in the receivermessage 128. The symbol vector 408 can be information regardingdifferent symbols within the receiver message 128. For example, thesymbol vector 408, represented by ‘[r_(s) r_(p)]’, can be a pairing ofvectors corresponding to a systematic vector 414 and a parity vector416.

The systematic vector 414 is one or more vector for the symbol 120corresponding to the systematic portion 113 of FIG. 1, and can berepresented by ‘r_(s)’. The parity vector 416 is one or more vectors forthe symbol 120 corresponding to the parity portion 114 of FIG. 1, andcan be represented by ‘r_(p)’.

The signal-receiver module 402 can determine the total channelevaluation 410. The total channel evaluation 410 is one or anaggregation of likelihoods, including log-likelihood ratio, calculatedfor one or more instances of the symbol 120. For example, the totalchannel evaluation 410 can be a set of LLRs used for determining andidentifying one or more instance of the symbol 120 in the receivermessage 128. The total channel evaluation 410 can be represented asL_(ch).

The signal-receiver module 402 can use the first control unit 212 ofFIG. 2, the second control unit 234 of FIG. 2, the first communicationunit 216 of FIG. 2, the second communication unit 236 of FIG. 2, or acombination thereof to determine the symbol vector 408, the totalchannel evaluation 410, or a combination thereof. The signal-receivermodule 402 can store the symbol vector 408, the total channel evaluation410, or a combination thereof in the first storage unit 214 of FIG. 2,the second storage unit 246 of FIG. 2, or a combination thereof.

After determining the total channel evaluation 410, the symbol vector408, the initial estimate of the noise variance 130, or a combinationthereof, the control flow can pass to the decode module 404. The controlflow can pass by having one or more of the determined results pass fromthe signal-receiver module 402 as an input to the decode module 404, bystoring the determined results at a location known and accessible to thedecode module 404, by notifying the decode module 404, such as by usinga flag, an interrupt, a status signal, or a combination, or acombination of processes thereof. The signal-receiver module 402 cansimilarly pass the total channel evaluation 410, the symbol vector 408,the initial estimate of the noise variance 130, or a combination thereofto the mismatch module 402.

The decode module 404 is configured to decode the receiver message 128.The decode module 404 can include an initial-set module 418, aremaining-set module 420, a first-mechanism module 422, and asecond-mechanism module 424 for decoding the receiver message 128.

The initial-set module 418 is configured to decode a portion of thereceiver message 128. The initial-set module 418 can include an initialrun threshold 426. The initial run threshold 426 is a limitation on anumber of iterations in decoding the receiver message 128. For example,the initial run threshold 426 can limit decoding processes to one, two,or three instances of the full iteration 304 of FIG. 1.

The initial-set module 418 can use the initial run threshold 426 todecode an evaluation portion 428 of the receiver message 128. Theevaluation portion 428 is a grouping within the receiver message 128,such as instances of the code-word 112 of FIG. 1 or the segment 116 ofFIG. 1, that can be used to estimate, compensate, or a combinationthereof in regards to the signal-noise ratio 132 of FIG. 1. For example,the evaluation portion 428 can be the first one, two, or three instancesof the code-word 112 in the segment 116 or for the receiver message 128.Portions in the receiver message 128 or segment 116 excluded from theevaluation portion 428 can be a remainder portion 430.

The initial-set module 418 can use the initial run threshold 426 tocontrol the first-mechanism module 422. The initial-set module 418 cancontrol the decoding by passing the initial run threshold 426 to thefirst-mechanism module 422.

The first-mechanism module 422 can be configured to decode the receivermessage 128 up to the initial run threshold 426 using themismatch-insensitive mechanism 322 of FIG. 3, such as themaximum-probability mechanism 324 of FIG. 3. For example, thefirst-mechanism module 422 can calculate the first extrinsic value 316of FIG. 3, the second extrinsic value 334 of FIG. 3, correspondinga-posteriori data, or a combination thereof according to themismatch-insensitive mechanism 322.

The first-mechanism module 422 can be similar to the decoding module 302of FIG. 3. The first-mechanism module 422 can be a turbo decoder. Thefirst-mechanism module 422 can calculate various a-priori information,a-posteriori data, extrinsic values, or a combination thereof asdescribed above. The first-mechanism module 422 can further set theinitial run threshold 426 as the stop criteria 338 to partially decodethe receiver message 128.

The initial-set module 418 can be configured to determine an enhancementa-posteriori ratio 432 based on decoding the evaluation portion 428 ofthe receiver message 128 using the mismatch-insensitive mechanism 322limited by the initial run threshold 426. The enhancement a-posterioriratio 432 is a-posteriori LLR calculated by the first-mechanism module422. The enhancement a-posteriori ratio 432, represented as L_(APP,i),can be the a-posteriori data generated for the last iteration ofdecoding the receiver message 128, represented by ‘i’, as specified bythe initial run threshold 426.

The enhancement a-posteriori ratio 432 can include a system component434, a parity component 436, or a combination thereof. The systemcomponent 434, represented as ‘L_(s,i)’, is a vector of a-posterioridata corresponding to the systematic portion 113 within the receivermessage 128. The parity component 436, represented as ‘L_(p,i)’, is avector of a-posteriori data corresponding to the parity portion 114within the receiver message 128. Thus, the enhancement a-posterioriratio 432, which can be further represented as ‘[L_(s,i) L_(p,i)]’ canbe a concatenation of the LLRs of the systematic portion 113 and theparity portion 114 interleaved and de-multiplexed from multiple decodingcomponents within the first-mechanism module 422.

The initial-set module 418 can determine the enhancement a-posterioriratio 432 by identifying and storing the a-posteriori data calculated bythe first-mechanism module 422 for decoding the evaluation portion 428of the receiver message 128 corresponding to the initial run threshold426. The initial-set module 418 can store the enhancement a-posterioriratio 432 in the first storage unit 214, the second storage unit 246, ora combination thereof. The initial-set module 418 can further store thefirst extrinsic value 316 of FIG. 3, the second extrinsic value 334 ofFIG. 3, or a combination thereof corresponding to the last iteration asspecified by the initial run threshold 426 in the first storage unit214, the second storage unit 246, or a combination thereof.

The decode module 404 can use the second-mechanism module 424, theremaining-set module 420, or a combination thereof to decode theremainder portion 430. Details regarding the remaining-set module 420and the second-mechanism module 424 will be discussed below.

After determining the enhancement a-posteriori ratio 432, appropriateinstances of the first extrinsic value 316, the second extrinsic value334, the enhanced a-posterior 432 or a combination thereof, the controlflow can pass to the mismatch module 406. The control flow can pass in asimilar manner as described above from the signal-receiver module 402 tothe decode module 404 using the enhancement a-posteriori ratio 432,appropriate instances of the first extrinsic value 316, the secondextrinsic value 334, or a combination thereof.

The mismatch module 406 is configured to estimate and compensate for thesignal-noise ratio 132. The mismatch module 406 can include a stopmodule 438, an estimation module 440, and a compensation module 442 toestimate and compensate for a mismatch between actual and estimatedinstance of the signal-noise ratio 132 for the receiver message 128.

The stop module 438 is configured to check for a stopping condition. Forexample, the stop module 438 can stop the signal processing assuccessfully processing the receiver message 128 when the results fromthe decode module 404, the signal-receiver module 402, or a combinationthereof satisfies an error check, such as CRC or checksum, using theparity portion 114. Also for example, the stop module 438 can stop thedecoding when the stopping condition of overall iteration count, errormetric, or a combination thereof have been satisfied.

The estimation module 440 is configured to estimate the mismatch betweenthe actual and the estimated instance of the signal-noise ratio 132 forthe receiver message 128. The estimation module 440 can estimate themismatch based on the enhancement a-posteriori ratio 432.

The estimation module 440 can estimate the mismatch by estimating thesignal-noise ratio 132 using the enhancement a-posteriori ratio 432. Theestimation module 440 can estimate the signal-noise ratio 132 byperforming hard-decisions according to the hard-decision mechanism 412using the enhancement a-posteriori ratio 432. The estimation module 440can perform hard-decision by identifying the symbol 120 based on theenhancement a-posteriori ratio 432.

For example, the estimation module 440 can perform the hard-decisionusing only the system component 434 of the enhancement a-posterioriratio 432 and without using the parity component 436, re-modulating theresults to estimate the symbol 120 in the transmitter message 122 ofFIG. 1. The estimation for the symbol 120 in the transmitter message 122can be represented as:ŷ _(s,i)=MOD(HD(L _(s,i))).  Equation (7).The estimation for the symbol can done using hard-decisions on thesystem component 434 of the enhancement a-posteriori ratio 432 only, theparity component 436 of the enhancement a-posteriori ratio 432 only,portions therein, or a combination thereof.

Also for example, when the communication system 100 is an LTE systemusing the modulation scheme 118 of QPSK, 4-QAM, or 64-QAM, theestimation module 440 can perform the hard-decision using only thesystem component 434 without re-encoding the symbol 120 using thechannel code. It has been discovered that estimating the signal-noiseratio 132 without re-encoding provides simpler complexity and lowererror rates.

The estimation module 440 can estimate the noise variance 130. Theestimation module 440 can estimate the noise variance 130 using resultof the hard-decision, such as remodulated instance of the symbol or thesignal-noise ratio 132. The estimation module 440 can further use thesymbol vector 408 or a portion therein, such as the systematic vector414.

For example, the estimation module 440 can estimate the noise variance130 after ‘i’ iterations according to the initial run threshold 426,represented as {tilde over (σ)}_(n,i) ², using:

$\begin{matrix}{{\overset{\sim}{\sigma}}_{n,i}^{2} = {\frac{{{r_{s} - {a_{s}{\hat{y}}_{s,i}}}}^{2}}{2\; B_{s}}.}} & {{Equation}\mspace{14mu}{(8).}}\end{matrix}$The term ‘a_(s)’ can represent a vector of channel gains for transmittedsystematic symbols, and ‘B_(s)’ can represent a block length ofsystematic symbols.

The estimation module 440 can estimate the mismatch between the actualand the estimated instance of the signal-noise ratio 132 by calculatinga mismatch estimation 444. The mismatch estimation 444 is a calculatedestimation of a difference between actual instance of the signal-noiseratio 132 and an initial instance of estimated instance of thesignal-noise ratio 132.

The communication system 100 can initially represent the mismatchestimation 444 as:

$\begin{matrix}{{\overset{\sim}{Y}}_{m} = {\frac{\sigma_{n}^{2}}{{\overset{\sim}{\sigma}}_{n,0}^{2}}.}} & {{Equation}\mspace{14mu}{(9).}}\end{matrix}$The term ‘σ_(n) ²’ can represent the actual instance of the noisevariance 130.

The estimation module 440 can use the first control unit 212, the secondcontrol unit 234, or a combination thereof to calculate the mismatchestimation 444. The estimation module 440 can use the functional unitsto calculate the mismatch estimation 444 with the initial instance ofthe noise variance 130 from the signal-receiver module 402 ‘N₀’,previous instance of the estimated instance of the noise variance 130,the current estimation of the noise variance 130 after ‘i’ iterations,or a combination thereof to calculate the mismatch estimation 444. Theestimation module 440 can calculate the mismatch estimation 444 using:

$\begin{matrix}{{\overset{\sim}{Y}}_{m,i} = {\frac{{\overset{\sim}{\sigma}}_{n,i}^{2}}{{\overset{\sim}{\sigma}}_{n,{i - 1}}^{2}}.}} & {{Equation}\mspace{14mu}{(10).}}\end{matrix}$

Also for example, the estimation module 440 can estimate the mismatchbetween the actual and the estimated instance of the signal-noise ratio132 by calculating the mismatch estimation 444 as a calculatedestimation of the ratio of channel evaluation 410, or the compensationchannel value 446, and the desired channel evaluation that is consistentwith the definition of log likelihood ratios. The consistent channelevaluation can be calculated by the natural logarithm of the ratio oftwo values by the same probability distribution function of the channelevaluation 410 or compensation channel value 446, conditioned ontransmitted bit is “1” or “0”, calculated at two different points withthe same magnitudes of the channel evaluation but with different signs.

The estimation module 440 calculate the mismatch estimation 444 using:

$\begin{matrix}{{{\overset{\sim}{Y}}_{m,i} = \frac{L_{{ch},{i - 1}}}{\ln\frac{p_{1}\left( L_{{ch},{i - 1}} \right)}{p_{1}\left( {- L_{{ch},{i - 1}}} \right)}}}{or}{{\overset{\sim}{Y}}_{m,i} = {\frac{L_{{ch},{i - 1}}}{\ln\frac{p_{0}\left( {- L_{{ch},{i - 1}}} \right)}{p_{0}\left( L_{{ch},{i - 1}} \right)}}.}}} & {{Equation}\mspace{14mu}{(11).}}\end{matrix}$The estimation module 440 can estimate the probability density functionby performing histogram calculation using channel evaluation 410 orcompensation channel value 446, and the hard decision according to thehard decision mechanism 412 using the enhancement a-posteriori ratio432.

The compensation module 442 is configured to compensate for the mismatchin actual and estimated instances of the signal-noise ratio 132. Thecompensation module 442 can compensate for the mismatch by determining acompensation channel value 446 and a compensation extrinsic data 448using the mismatch estimation 444.

The compensation channel value 446 is one instance or an aggregation oflikelihoods, including log-likelihood ratio, calculated for one or moreinstances of the symbol 120 and adjusted for the mismatch in thesignal-noise ratio 132. The compensation channel value 446 can be basedon previous or initial instances of the total channel evaluation 410 andthe mismatch estimation 444. The compensation channel value 446 can beexpressed as:

$\begin{matrix}{L_{{ch},i}^{\prime} = {\frac{L_{{ch},{i - 1}}}{{\overset{\sim}{Y}}_{m,i}}.}} & {{Equation}\mspace{14mu}{(12).}}\end{matrix}$

For example, the compensation module 442 can calculate the compensationchannel value 446 by setting L′_(ch,0) to the total channel evaluation410, L_(ch), from the signal-receiver module 402 and scaling by themismatch estimation 444. Also for example, the compensation module 442can calculate the compensation channel value 446 for a current iterationby scaling the compensation channel value 446 for a previous iterationwith the mismatch estimation 444 for the current iteration.

The compensation extrinsic data 448 is one or more instance ofcalculated extrinsic values adjusted for the mismatch in thesignal-noise ratio 132. The compensation extrinsic data 448 can be thefirst extrinsic value 316, the second extrinsic value 334, or acombination thereof, expressed as ‘L_(e,i)’, from the first-mechanismmodule 422 scaled by the mismatch estimation 444. The compensationextrinsic data 448 can be expressed as:

$\begin{matrix}{L_{e,i}^{\prime} = {\frac{L_{e,i}}{{\overset{\sim}{Y}}_{m,i}}.}} & {{Equation}\mspace{14mu}{(13).}}\end{matrix}$

The compensation module 442 can use the first control interface 222 ofFIG. 2, the second control interface 244 of FIG. 2, the first storageinterface 224 of FIG. 2, the second storage interface 246 of FIG. 2, ora combination thereof to access stored instances of the total channelevaluation 410, previous instances of the compensation channel value446, the various extrinsic values, or a combination thereof. Thecompensation module 442 can use the first control unit 212, the secondcontrol unit 234, the first communication unit 216, the secondcommunication unit 236, or a combination thereof to calculate thecompensation channel value 446, the compensation extrinsic data 448, ora combination thereof.

After calculating the compensation channel value 446, the compensationextrinsic data 448, or a combination thereof, the control flow can passto the decode module 404. The control flow can pass in a similar manneras described above from the signal-receiver module 402 to the decodemodule 404 using the compensation channel value 446, the compensationextrinsic data 448, or a combination thereof.

The decode module 404 can be configured to decode the remainder portion430. The decode module 404 can include the remaining-set module 420 andthe second-mechanism module 424 for decoding the remainder portion 430.

The remaining-set module 420 is configured to decode the remainderportion 430 using the mismatch-sensitive mechanism 318 of FIG. 3, suchas the logarithmic-probability mechanism 320 of FIG. 3. Theremaining-set module 420 can decode the remainder portion 430 bycontrolling the first-mechanism module 422, the second-mechanism module424, or a combination thereof according to the logarithmic-probabilitymechanism 320.

For example, the first-mechanism module 422 and the second-mechanismmodule 424 can be arranged in a serial configuration. For the serialconfiguration, the remaining-set module 420 can control thesecond-mechanism module 424 to determine the decoder-selectionadjustment 326 of FIG. 3 and control the first-mechanism module 422 forcalculation of all extrinsic values. The second-mechanism module 424 canbe configured to determine the decoder-selection adjustment 326 foradjusting between a logarithmic-probability mechanism 320 and amaximum-probability mechanism 324.

Continuing with the example, the remaining-set module 420 can controlthe first-mechanism module 422 to calculate the first extrinsic value316, the second extrinsic value 334, or a combination thereof using themaximum-probability mechanism 324, with or without the decoder-outputadjustment 336. The remaining-set module 420 can adjust the calculatedinstances of the first extrinsic value 316, the second extrinsic value334, or a combination thereof with the decoder-selection adjustment 326according to the logarithmic-probability mechanism 320.

Continuing with the example, the remaining-set module 420 canalternatively control the first-mechanism module 422 by passing thedecoder-selection adjustment 326 to the first-mechanism module 422. Thefirst-mechanism module 422 can use the decoder-selection adjustment 326to calculate the first extrinsic value 316, the second extrinsic value334, or a combination thereof according to the logarithmic-probabilitymechanism 320.

Also for example, the first-mechanism module 422 and thesecond-mechanism module 424 can be arranged in a parallel configuration.For the parallel configuration, the first-mechanism module 422 can beconfigured to use the maximum-probability mechanism 324 and process theevaluation portion 428. The second-mechanism module 424 can beconfigured to decode the remainder portion 430 using thedecoder-selection adjustment 326 according to thelogarithmic-probability mechanism 320.

The decode module 404 can further use the compensation channel value446, the compensation extrinsic data 448, or a combination thereof todecode the remainder portion 430. The remaining-set module 420 can usethe first control unit 212, the second control unit 234, the firstcommunication unit 216, the second communication unit 236, or acombination thereof to control the first-mechanism module 422, thesecond-mechanism module 424, or a combination thereof to use thecompensation channel value 446, the compensation extrinsic data 448, ora combination thereof.

For example, the first-mechanism module 422, the second-mechanism module424, or a combination thereof can use the compensation channel value 446instead of the total channel evaluation 410, the estimation of thechannel quality 124, or a combination thereof. Also for example, thefirst-mechanism module 422, the second-mechanism module 424, or acombination thereof can use the compensation extrinsic data 448 as thefirst a-priori information 314, the second a-priori information 332, ora combination thereof.

It has been discovered that first decoding the evaluation portion 428limited by the initial run threshold 426 using the mismatch-insensitivemechanism 322 and decoding the remainder portion 430 using themismatch-sensitive mechanism 318 provides lower error rates. The use ofthe mismatch-insensitive mechanism 322 first using the initial runthreshold 426 and using the results thereof to utilize themismatch-sensitive mechanism 318 can eliminate the effect of mismatch inactual and estimated instances of the signal-noise ratio 132 whilemaintaining accuracy gains provided by the mismatch-sensitive mechanism318.

It has also been discovered that the mismatch estimation 444, thecompensation channel value 446, and the compensation extrinsic data 448provide increased stability without increase in the complexity. Themismatch estimation 444, the compensation channel value 446, and thecompensation extrinsic data 448 provide increased stability withoutincrease in the complexity by estimating the mismatch between theestimated and the actual instances of the signal-noise ratio 132, whichcan be used to compensate calculations and processing to improveaccuracy.

It has further been discovered that the mismatch estimation 444, thecompensation channel value 446, and the compensation extrinsic data 448provide processing efficiency. The mismatch estimation 444, thecompensation channel value 446, and the compensation extrinsic data 448provide processing efficiency by providing a method for combining andutilizing both the mismatch-sensitive mechanism 318 and themismatch-insensitive mechanism 322, and using the result of onemechanism in the other mechanism.

The decode module 404 can be further configured to update the mismatchestimation 444, the compensation channel value 446, and the compensationextrinsic data 448 based on decoding the remainder portion 430 limitedby a further run threshold 450. The further run threshold 450 is afurther limitation on a number of iterations in decoding the receivermessage 128. The further run threshold 450 can be greater than or equalto the initial run threshold 426.

The decode module 404 can decode the remainder portion 430 until thefurther run threshold 450. The decode module 404 can update the mismatchestimation 444, the compensation channel value 446, and the compensationextrinsic data 448 by passing the results of the decoding to themismatch module 406. The mismatch module 406 can use the results of thedecoding module 302 to recalculate the mismatch estimation 444, thecompensation channel value 446, and the compensation extrinsic data 448.The updated values can be passed back to the decode module 404 tocontinue decoding the remainder portion 430 of the receiver message 128.

It has been discovered that the feedback loop between the decode module404 and the mismatch module 406 for updating the mismatch estimation444, the compensation channel value 446, and the compensation extrinsicdata 448 using the further run threshold 450 provides reduced hardwarerequirement. The reduced hardware requirement can result fromintegrating the feedback loop with the mismatch estimation 444, thecompensation channel value 446, and the compensation extrinsic data 448with other systems or functions, such as the signal-receiver module 402iteratively integrated with decoding modules or channel estimationfunction.

The communication system 100 has been described with module functions ororder as an example. The communication system 100 can partition themodules differently or order the modules differently. For example,functions of the initial-set module 418 and the first-mechanism module422 can be combined, or functions of the signal-receiver module 402, thedecode module 404, the mismatch module 406, or a combination thereof canbe iteratively interleaved together.

The modules described in this application can be hardware implementationor hardware accelerators, including passive circuitry, active circuitry,or both, in the first control unit 216 or in the second control unit238. The modules can also be hardware implementation or hardwareaccelerators, including passive circuitry, active circuitry, or both,within the first device 102 of FIG. 1 or the second device 106 of FIG. 1but outside of the first control unit 216 or the second control unit238, respectively.

The physical transformation from the mismatch estimation 444, thecompensation channel value 446, and the compensation extrinsic data 448results in the movement in the physical world, such as content displayedor recreated for the user on the mobile device 102. The content, such asnavigation information or voice signal of a caller, recreated on thefirst device 102 can influence the user's movement, such as followingthe navigation information or replying back to the caller. Movement inthe physical world results in changes to the mismatch estimation 444,the compensation channel value 446, and the compensation extrinsic data448 by compensating for the effects of the SNR mismatch.

Referring now to FIG. 5, therein is shown a further control flow of thecommunication system 100. The communication system 100 can include asignal-receiver module 502, a partial-calculation module 504, a decodemodule 506, and a mismatch processing module 508.

The signal-receiver module 502 can be coupled to the partial-calculationmodule 504. For example, one or more outputs of the signal-receivermodule 502 can be connected to one or more inputs of thepartial-calculation module 504, one or more inputs of thesignal-receiver module 502 can be connected to one or more outputs ofthe partial-calculation module 504, or a combination thereof. Similarly,the partial-calculation module 504 can be coupled to the decode module506, the mismatch processing module 508, or a combination thereof.

The signal-receiver module 502 is configured to detect, demodulate, or acombination thereof for the receiver message 128 of FIG. 1. Thesignal-receiver module 502 can detect signals and variations infrequency, magnitude, phase, signal shape, timing, or a combinationthereof. The signal-receiver module 502 can demodulate by extractingoriginal information, such as the symbol 120 of FIG. 1 from a carrierfrequency used to transmit the transmitter message 122 of FIG. 1 throughthe channel 108 of FIG. 1.

The signal-receiver module 502 can analyze the individual symbols withinthe receiver message 128. The signal-receiver module 502 can analyze theindividual symbols transmitted and received using varioussender-receiver combinations, such as single-input single-output (SISO)or multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) configurations.

The signal-receiver module 502 can use various implementations. Forexample, the signal-receiver module 502 can be a maximum-likelihooddetector, a linear estimator, such as minimum mean square errorestimator or a zero-forcing estimator, or an interference-cancellingdetector. The signal-receiver module 502 can also be a non-interferencecancelling detector.

The signal-receiver module 502 can calculate likelihoods, ratios,logarithmic derivations thereof, or a combination thereof for symbollevel information regarding the receiver message 128. Thesignal-receiver module 502 can also estimate the channel quality 124 ofFIG. 1, the signal-noise ratio 132 of FIG. 1, or a combination thereof.

After detecting, demodulating, or a combination thereof for the receivermessage 128, the control flow can pass to the partial-calculation module504. The control flow can pass by having the receiver message 128 passfrom the signal-receiver module 502 as an input to thepartial-calculation module 504, by storing the receiver message 128 at alocation known and accessible to the partial-calculation module 504, bynotifying the partial-calculation module 504, such as by using a flag,an interrupt, a status signal, or a combination, or a combination ofprocesses thereof.

The partial-calculation module 504 is configured to control initialanalysis of the receiver message 128 for testing an accuracy or mismatchfor the signal-noise ratio 132. The partial-calculation module 504 canbe configured to control decoding processes based on the half iteration306 of FIG. 3, the full iteration 304 of FIG. 3, or a combinationthereof. The partial-calculation module 504 can be configured to controlexecution of decoding processes including both the mismatch-sensitivemechanism 318 of FIG. 3 and the mismatch-insensitive mechanism 322 ofFIG. 3, such as the logarithmic-probability mechanism 320 of FIG. 3 andthe maximum-probability mechanism 324 of FIG. 3.

The partial-calculation module 504 can determine an evaluation portion510. The evaluation portion 510 is a grouping within the code-word 112of FIG. 1 or the receiver message 128 that can be used to perform theaccuracy or mismatch testing in regards to the signal-noise ratio 132.For example, the evaluation portion 510 can be an initial portion of thecode-word 112 corresponding to the half iteration 306. Also for example,the evaluation portion 510 can be initial one or two instances of thecode-word 112 within the segment 116 of FIG. 1, the receiver message128, or a combination thereof.

The receiver message 128, the segment 116, the code-word 112, or acombination thereof can be thusly be divided into the evaluation portion510 and a remainder portion 512. The remainder portion 512 can includeportions of the code-word 112, the segment 116, the receiver message128, or a combination thereof excluded by the evaluation portion 510.

The partial-calculation module 504 can determine a partial-decodecontroller 514 based on the evaluation portion 510. The partial-decodecontroller 514 is a condition or a limitation for decoding the receivermessage 128 for testing the accuracy or mismatch of the signal-noiseratio 132. The partial-decode controller 514 can be used to limit aniteration count for decoding the evaluation portion 510. Thepartial-decode controller 514 can be used to limit the iteration countto be less than the block size 134 of FIG. 1 or less than a length ofthe code-word 112.

For example, the partial-decode controller 514 can include the halfiteration 306, the full iteration 304, or a combination thereof. For amore specific example, the partial-decode controller 514 can be used asthe stop criteria 338 of FIG. 3 to limit the decoding process to oneinstance of the half iteration 306, two instances of the full iteration304, or any increment there-between.

The partial-calculation module 504 can use the first control unit 212 ofFIG. 2, the second control unit 234 of FIG. 2, the first communicationunit 216 of FIG. 2, the second communication unit 236 of FIG. 2, or acombination thereof to determine the partial-decode controller 514. Thepartial-calculation module 504 can store the partial-decode controller514 in the first storage unit 214 of FIG. 2, the second storage unit 246of FIG. 2, or a combination thereof.

After determining the partial-decode controller 514, the control flowcan pass to the decode module 506. The control flow can pass by havingthe partial-decode controller 514 pass from the partial-calculationmodule 504 as an input to the decode module 506, by storing thepartial-decode controller 514 at a location known and accessible to thedecode module 506, by notifying the decode module 506, such as by usinga flag, an interrupt, a status signal, or a combination, or acombination of processes thereof.

The decode module 506 is configured to decode the receiver message 128.The decode module 506 can be configured to decode the receiver message128 for testing the accuracy or mismatch of the signal-noise ratio 132by calculating a partial-insensitive output 516 and a partial-sensitiveoutput 518 using the partial-decode controller 514.

The partial-insensitive output 516 is a value based on the firstextrinsic value 316 of FIG. 3, the second extrinsic value 334 of FIG. 3,or a combination thereof resulting from partially decoding the receivermessage 128 using the mismatch-insensitive mechanism 322, such as themaximum-probability mechanism 324. For example, the partial-insensitiveoutput 516 can be a statistical mean of the absolute value of the firstextrinsic value 316, the second extrinsic value 334, or a combinationthereof representing LLR values. The partial-insensitive output 516 canbe represented as E{|L_(e(MLM))|}.

The partial-sensitive output 518 is a value based on the first extrinsicvalue 316, the second extrinsic value 334, or a combination thereofresulting from partially decoding the receiver message 128 using themismatch-sensitive mechanism 318, such as the logarithmic-probabilitymechanism 320. For example, the partial-sensitive output 518 can be astatistical mean of the absolute value of the first extrinsic value 316,the second extrinsic value 334, or a combination thereof representingLLR values. The partial-sensitive output 518 can be represented asE{|L_(e(LM))|}.

The decode module 506 can include a first-mechanism module 520 and asecond-mechanism module 522 for calculating the partial-sensitive output518, the partial-insensitive output 516, or a combination thereof todecode the receiver message 128. The decode module 506 can process thereceiver message 128 in a variety of ways. For example, the decodemodule 506 can have the first-mechanism module 520 and thesecond-mechanism module 522 in a parallel configuration or a serialconfiguration.

As a more specific example for the parallel configuration, thefirst-mechanism module 520 and the second-mechanism module 522 can eachbe similar to the decoding module 302 of FIG. 3. The first-mechanismmodule 520 can be configured to calculate the extrinsic valuescorresponding to the partial-insensitive output 516 using themaximum-probability mechanism 324. The extrinsic output values can beadjusted using the decoder-output adjustment 336.

Continuing with the example, the second-mechanism module 522 can beconfigured to calculate the extrinsic values corresponding to thepartial-sensitive output 518 using the logarithmic-probability mechanism320. The second-mechanism module 522 can be configured to determine thedecoder-selection adjustment 326 of FIG. 3 and calculate the extrinsicvalues using the decoder-selection adjustment 326.

Continuing with the example, the second-mechanism module 522 can runsimultaneously with the first-mechanism module 520 in the parallelconfiguration. The first-mechanism module 520 and the second-mechanismmodule 522 can each use the partial-decode controller 514 as the stopcriteria 338 and only partially decode the receiver message 128, such asfor one instance of the half iteration 306 or two instances of the fulliteration 304.

As a more specific example for the serial configuration, thefirst-mechanism module 520 can be similar to the decoding module 302.The first-mechanism module 520 can be configured to calculate theextrinsic values corresponding to both the partial-insensitive output516 and the partial-sensitive output 518 using both themaximum-probability mechanism 324 and the logarithmic-probabilitymechanism 320. The second-mechanism module 522 can determine thedecoder-selection adjustment 326 for adjusting between thelogarithmic-probability mechanism 320 and the maximum-probabilitymechanism 324 using the adjustment set 328.

Continuing with the example, the first-mechanism module 520 cancalculate the extrinsic values corresponding to the partial-insensitiveoutput 516 using the maximum-probability mechanism 324. Thefirst-mechanism module 520 can repeat the calculation process using thelogarithmic-probability mechanism 320 and the decoder-selectionadjustment 326 from the second-mechanism module 522 to calculate theextrinsic values corresponding to the partial-sensitive output 518. Thefirst-mechanism module 520 can also calculate a second set of valuesduring the initial calculation process by adjusting the extrinsic valuescorresponding to the partial-insensitive output 516 with thedecoder-selection adjustment 326.

Continuing with the example, the first-mechanism module 520 can use thepartial-decode controller 514 to generate two sets of extrinsic values,one corresponding to the maximum-probability mechanism 324 and the othercorresponding to logarithmic-probability mechanism 320. The serialconfiguration can similarly be limited by the partial-decode controller514 for partially processing the receiver message 128, such as for oneinstance of the half iteration 306 or one instance of the full iteration304.

After partially decoding the receiver message 128 by calculatingextrinsic values, the control flow can pass back to thepartial-calculation module 504. The control flow can pass by having thefirst extrinsic value 316, the second extrinsic value 334, or acombination thereof pass from the decode module 506 as an input to thepartial-calculation module 504, by storing the first extrinsic value316, the second extrinsic value 334, or a combination thereof at alocation known and accessible to the decode module 506, by notifying thepartial-calculation module 504, such as by using a flag, an interrupt, astatus signal, or a combination, or a combination of processes thereof.

The partial-calculation module 504 can be configured to determine thepartial-sensitive output 518 and the partial-insensitive output 516 forthe receiver message 128 or a portion therein. The partial-calculationmodule 504 can determine the partial-sensitive output 518 and thepartial-insensitive output 516 by processing the various instances ofthe extrinsic values calculated by the decode module 506 using thepartial-decode controller 514 to limit decoding iterations to be lessthan the block size 134, size of the code-word 112, or a combinationthereof.

For example, the partial-calculation module 504 can determine thepartial-sensitive output 518 by processing the first extrinsic value316, the second extrinsic value 334, or a combination thereof calculatedusing the logarithmic-probability mechanism 320. The partial-calculationmodule 504 can combine and scale the extrinsic LLR values to calculate amean of the extrinsic LLR values resulting from thelogarithmic-probability mechanism 320. The partial-calculation module504 can assign the mean value to the partial-sensitive output 518.

Also for example, the partial-calculation module 504 can determine thepartial-insensitive output 516 by processing the first extrinsic value316, the second extrinsic value 334, or a combination thereof calculatedusing the maximum-probability mechanism 324. The partial-calculationmodule 504 can combine and scale the extrinsic LLR values to calculate amean of the extrinsic LLR values resulting from the maximum-probabilitymechanism 324. The partial-calculation module 504 can assign the meanvalue to the partial-insensitive output 516.

The partial-calculation module 504 can access the extrinsic values usingthe first control interface 222 of FIG. 2, the first storage interface224 of FIG. 2, the second control interface 244 of FIG. 2, the secondcontrol interface 244 of FIG. 2, or a combination thereof. Thepartial-calculation module 504 can determine the partial-sensitiveoutput 518 and the partial-insensitive output 516 using the firstcontrol unit 212, the second control unit 234, the first communicationunit 216, the second communication unit 236, or a combination thereof.The partial-calculation module 504 can store the partial-sensitiveoutput 518 and the partial-insensitive output 516 in the first storageunit 214, the second storage unit 246, or a combination thereof.

After determining the partial-sensitive output 518, thepartial-insensitive output 516, or a combination thereof, the controlflow can pass to the mismatch processing module 508. The control flowcan pass by having the partial-sensitive output 518, thepartial-insensitive output 516, or a combination thereof pass from thepartial-calculation module 504 as an input to the mismatch processingmodule 508, by storing the partial-sensitive output 518, thepartial-insensitive output 516, or a combination thereof at a locationknown and accessible to the mismatch processing module 508, by notifyingthe mismatch processing module 508, such as by using a flag, aninterrupt, a status signal, or a combination, or a combination ofprocesses thereof.

The mismatch processing module 508 is configured to select a scheme fordecoding the receiver message 128. The mismatch processing module 508can include a characterization module 524 and a selection module 526 forselecting the decoding scheme.

The characterization module 524 is configured to calculate a mismatchcharacterization 528 using the partial-sensitive output 518 and thepartial-insensitive output 516. The mismatch characterization 528 is anindication or a measure regarding the signal-noise ratio 132. Themismatch characterization can characterize mismatch between an actualinstance of the signal-noise ratio 132 and an estimation of thesignal-noise ratio 132.

The mismatch characterization 528 can be a ratio between thepartial-sensitive output 518 and the partial-insensitive output 516. Themismatch characterization 528 can be represented by:

$\begin{matrix}{r = \frac{E\left\{ {L_{e{({LM})}}} \right\}}{E\left\{ {L_{e{({MLM})}}} \right\}}} & {{Equation}\mspace{14mu}{(14).}}\end{matrix}$

The mismatch characterization 528 can also include an approximation ofthe SNR mismatch as deployed by the mismatch estimation module 440. Thecharacterization module 524 can use expectation and maximization schemeon the received LLRs to estimate the variance of the distribution of theLLR values. The calculated result can be used to estimate the value ofthe mismatch from the estimated instance of the signal-noise ratio 132and the actual instance of the signal-noise ratio 132.

It has been discovered that the mismatch characterization 528, thepartial-insensitive output 516, and the partial-sensitive output 518provide lower complexity and required resources for characterizing anSNR mismatch. The mismatch characterization 528 determined using thepartial-insensitive output 516 and the partial-sensitive output 518represented by Equation (14) has a monotonic relationship with the SNRmismatch, which can be used to characterize the SNR mismatch usingextrinsic values initially required for decoding the receiver message128.

It has further been discovered that the mismatch characterization 528,the logarithmic-probability mechanism 320, and the maximum-probabilitymechanism 324 provide lower error rates. The mismatch characterization528, the logarithmic-probability mechanism 320, and themaximum-probability mechanism 324 can provide lower error rates bycharacterizing the SNR mismatch and decoding the receiver message 128with appropriate mechanism without any prior knowledge of the actualinstance of the signal-noise ratio 132.

The characterization module 524 can use the first control unit 212, thesecond control unit 234, the first communication unit 216, the secondcommunication unit 236, or a combination thereof to determine themismatch characterization 528 using the partial-sensitive output 518 andthe partial-insensitive output 516. The characterization module 524 canaccess the partial-sensitive output 518 and the partial-insensitiveoutput 516 using the first control interface 222, the second controlinterface 244, the first storage interface 224, the second storageinterface 246, the first communication interface 228 of FIG. 2, thesecond communication interface 250 of FIG. 2, or a combination thereof.

The selection module 526 is configured to generate amechanism-controller 532. The mechanism-controller 532 is a selection,such as a value or a switch setting specifying a choice, designating amechanism for decoding the receiver message 128. For example, themechanism-controller 532 can specify the mismatch-sensitive mechanism318, such as the logarithmic-probability mechanism 320, themismatch-insensitive mechanism 322, such as the maximum-probabilitymechanism 324, or any other mechanism available for the communicationsystem 100.

The selection module 526 can generate the mechanism-controller 532 basedon the mismatch characterization 528 and a selection range 530. Theselection range 530 is a threshold range for selecting the decodingmechanism. The selection range 530 can specify a specific mechanism fordecoding the receiver message 128 based on a characterization of the SNRmismatch.

For example, the selection range 530 can designate themismatch-sensitive mechanism 318 when the mismatch characterization 528indicates the SNR mismatch to be between −1 dB and 1.5 dB. The selectionrange 530 can designate the mismatch-insensitive mechanism 322 when themismatch characterization 528 indicates the SNR mismatch to be outsideof a range between −1 dB and 1.5 dB. The selection range 530 can bepredetermined by the communication system 100 and can be based on otherenvironmental conditions, such as the channel 108 or a device signaturefor the first device.

The selection module 526 can generate the mechanism-controller 532 basedon comparing the mismatch characterization 528 to the selection range530 for selecting the mismatch-sensitive mechanism 318, such as thelogarithmic-probability mechanism 320, the mismatch-insensitivemechanism 322, such as the maximum-probability mechanism 324, or anyother available decoding mechanism. For example, the selection module526 can generate the mechanism-controller 532 to specify thelogarithmic-probability mechanism 320 when the mismatch characterization528 is within the selection range 530, or otherwise specify themaximum-probability mechanism 324.

It has been discovered that the mismatch characterization 528, theselection range 530, and the mechanism-controller 532 provide lowererror rates. The mismatch characterization 528, the selection range 530,and the mechanism-controller 532 can provide lower error rates byselecting the decoding mechanism that corresponds to having lower errorrates given current amount of the SNR mismatch.

The selection module 526 can use the first control unit 212, the secondcontrol unit 234, the first communication unit 216, the secondcommunication unit 236, or a combination thereof to generate themechanism-controller 532. The selection module 526 can store themechanism-controller 532 using the first storage unit 214, the secondstorage unit 246, or a combination thereof.

After calculating the mismatch characterization 528 and generating themechanism-controller 532, the control flow can pass to thepartial-calculation module 504. The control flow can pass similar to themanner described above between the partial-calculation module 504 andthe mismatch processing module 508 using the mismatch characterization528 and the mechanism-controller 532.

The partial-calculation module 504 can be configured to control thedecoding of the receiver message 128 using the mechanism-controller 532.For example, the partial-calculation module 504 can be configured tocontrol the decode module 506 for decoding the receiver message 128 or aportion therein. For a specific example, the partial-calculation module504 can pass the remainder portion 512, extrinsic value from decodingthe evaluation portion 510, the mechanism-controller 532, or acombination thereof to the decode module 506 and specify using only themechanism selected by the mechanism-controller 532 to decode theremainder portion 512.

Continuing with the example, the partial-calculation module 504 candecode the receiver message 128 by combining the results from decodingthe remainder portion 512 with the stored results, such as the extrinsicvalues or error check values, from decoding the evaluation portion 510.

The partial-calculation module 504 can be configured to control thedecoding of the receiver message 128 using the mechanism-controller 532based on the configuration of the decode module 506. The decode module506 can have the parallel or the serial configuration as describedabove.

For example, for the parallel configuration, the partial-calculationmodule 504, the decode module 506, or a combination thereof can selectthe second-mechanism module 522, configured to calculate thepartial-sensitive output 518 for implementing thelogarithmic-probability mechanism 320, based on the mechanism-controller532. The partial-calculation module 504, the decode module 506, or acombination thereof can further select the first-mechanism module 520,configured to calculate the partial-insensitive output 516 forimplementing the maximum-probability mechanism 324, for decoding theremainder portion 512 based on the mechanism-controller 532.

Also for example, for the serial configuration, the partial-calculationmodule 504, the decode module 506, or a combination thereof can selectthe second-mechanism module 522 to determine the decoder-selectionadjustment 326 for decoding the remainder portion 512 of the receivermessage 128 when the mechanism-controller 532 indicateslogarithmic-probability mechanism 320. The first-mechanism module 520can be selected to implement the logarithmic-probability mechanism 320using the decoder-selection adjustment 326. The first-mechanism module520 can also be selected to implement the maximum-probability mechanism324 without accessing or interacting with the second-mechanism module522.

Continuing with the example, for the serial configuration, thefirst-mechanism module 520 can be configured to decode the remainderportion 512 using either the maximum-probability mechanism 324 or thelogarithmic-probability mechanism 320 through the decoder-selectionadjustment 326 based on the mechanism-controller 532. Thesecond-mechanism module 522 can be configured to determine thedecoder-selection adjustment 326 for adjusting between thelogarithmic-probability mechanism 320 and the maximum-probabilitymechanism 324.

It has been discovered that the partial-sensitive output 518 and thepartial-insensitive output 516 determined with the partial-decodecontroller 514 corresponding to the half iteration 306 provide decreasederror rate while maintaining or reducing the processing burden. Thetesting of the SNR mismatch for partial iterations allows using smallerportions of the receiver message 128 to determine appropriate mechanismand processing remainder portions using the appropriate mechanism.Further, the processing burden can be reduced by storing the testresults and combining with the processed results of the test results.

It has further been discovered that the partial-sensitive output 518 andthe partial-insensitive output 516 determined with the partial-decodecontroller 514 corresponding to the half iteration 306 provide real-timeflexibility in decoding the receiver message 128. The partial-sensitiveoutput 518 and the partial-insensitive output 516 determined with thepartial-decode controller 514 allows the communication system 100 toswitch between MLM and Log-MAP mechanisms between packets, withouthaving to wait until end of each iteration.

Further, the decode module 506 can be configured to determine andutilize the decoder-output adjustment 336 only for decoding theremainder portion 512 and not for the evaluation portion 510. Thepartial-calculation module 504 can control the decode module 506 bysetting the stop criteria 338, such as satisfaction of CRC check, acheck on the ratio of sign changes from hard-decisions on the total LLRsof the systematic bits from consecutive iterations, or based on theminimum absolute value of the output LLRs.

The communication system 100 has been described with module functions ororder as an example. The communication system 100 can partition themodules differently or order the modules differently. For example,functions of the partial-calculation module 504 and the decode module506 can be combined, or functions of the signal-receiver module 502 canbe iteratively interleaved and rearranged with the partial-calculationmodule 504, the decode module 506, the mismatch processing module 508,or a combination thereof.

The modules described in this application can be hardware implementationor hardware accelerators, including passive circuitry, active circuitry,or both, in the first control unit 216 or in the second control unit238. The modules can also be hardware implementation or hardwareaccelerators, including passive circuitry, active circuitry, or both,within the first device 102 of FIG. 1 or the second device 106 of FIG. 1but outside of the first control unit 216 or the second control unit238, respectively.

The physical transformation from the mismatch characterization 528 andthe mechanism-controller 532 results in movement in the physical world,such as content displayed or recreated for the user on the mobile device102. The content, such as navigation information or voice signal of acaller, recreated on the first device 102 can influence the user'smovement, such as following the navigation information or replying backto the caller. Movement in the physical world results in changes to themismatch characterization 528 and the mechanism-controller 532 bydetermining appropriate decoding scheme based on the updated movement oractivity influencing the SNR mismatch.

Referring now to FIG. 6, therein is shown a flow chart of a method 602and a method 652 of operation of a communication system 100 in anembodiment of the present invention. The method 602 includes:determining an enhancement a-posteriori ratio based on decoding anevaluation portion of a receiver message using a mismatch-insensitivemechanism limited by an initial run threshold in a block 604;calculating a mismatch estimation with a control unit based on theenhancement a-posteriori ratio in a block 606; determining acompensation channel value and a compensation extrinsic data using themismatch estimation in a block 608; and decoding a remainder portion ofthe receiver message using a mismatch-sensitive mechanism with thecompensation channel value and the compensation extrinsic data forcommunicating with a device in a block 610.

It has been discovered that the decoder-selection adjustment 326 of FIG.3 provides reduction in required hardware and processing efficiency, andthat estimating the signal-noise ratio 132 of FIG. 1 without re-encodingprovides simpler complexity and lower error rates. It has further beendiscovered that first decoding the evaluation portion 428 of FIG. 4limited by the initial run threshold 426 of FIG. 4 using themismatch-insensitive mechanism 322 of FIG. 3 and decoding the remainderportion 430 of FIG. 4 using the mismatch-sensitive mechanism 318 of FIG.3 provides lower error rates. It has also been discovered that themismatch estimation 444 of FIG. 4, the compensation channel value 446 ofFIG. 4, and the compensation extrinsic data 448 of FIG. 4 provideprocessing efficiency and provide increased stability without increasein the complexity.

The method 652 includes: determining a partial-sensitive output and apartial-insensitive output for a receiver message in a block 654;calculating a mismatch characterization with a control unit using thepartial-log output and the partial-max output in a block 656; andgenerating a mechanism-controller based on the mismatch characterizationfor communicating with a device in a block 658.

It has been discovered that the mismatch characterization 528 of FIG. 5,the partial-insensitive output 516 of FIG. 5, and the partial-sensitiveoutput 518 of FIG. 5 provide lower complexity and required resources forcharacterizing an SNR mismatch. It has further been discovered that themismatch characterization 528, the logarithmic-probability mechanism 320of FIG. 3, and the maximum-probability mechanism 324 of FIG. 3 providelower error rates.

It has also been discovered that the mismatch characterization 528, theselection range 530 of FIG. 5, and the mechanism-controller 532 of FIG.5 provide lower error rates. It has been discovered that thepartial-sensitive output 518 and the partial-insensitive output 516determined with the partial-decode controller 514 of FIG. 5corresponding to the half iteration 306 of FIG. 3 provide increasedflexibility and provide decreased error rate while maintaining orreducing the processing burden.

The resulting method, process, apparatus, device, product, and/or systemis straightforward, cost-effective, uncomplicated, highly versatile,accurate, sensitive, and effective, and can be implemented by adaptingknown components for ready, efficient, and economical manufacturing,application, and utilization. Another important aspect of an embodimentof the present invention is that it valuably supports and services thehistorical trend of reducing costs, simplifying systems, and increasingperformance.

These and other valuable aspects of an embodiment of the presentinvention consequently further the state of the technology to at leastthe next level.

While the invention has been described in conjunction with a specificbest mode, it is to be understood that many alternatives, modifications,and variations will be apparent to those skilled in the art in light ofthe aforegoing description. Accordingly, it is intended to embrace allsuch alternatives, modifications, and variations that fall within thescope of the included claims. All matters set forth herein or shown inthe accompanying drawings are to be interpreted in an illustrative andnon-limiting sense.

What is claimed is:
 1. A communication system comprising: an antennaconfigured to receive a receiver message; a control unit, coupled to theantenna, configured to: determine an enhancement a-posteriori ratiobased on decoding an evaluation portion of the receiver message using amismatch-insensitive mechanism limited by an initial run threshold;calculate a mismatch estimation based on the enhancement a-posterioriratio; determine a compensation channel value, a compensation extrinsicdata, or a combination thereof using the mismatch estimation; and decodea remainder portion of the receiver message using a mismatch-sensitivemechanism with the compensation channel value, the compensationextrinsic data, or a combination thereof for communicating with adevice.
 2. The system as claimed in claim 1 wherein the control unit isconfigured to: determine the enhancement a-posteriori ratio including asystem component, a parity component, or a combination thereof; andcalculate the mismatch estimation using the system component withoutusing the parity component.
 3. The system as claimed in claim 1 whereinthe control unit configured to: determine a symbol vector and an initialinstance of a noise variance from the receiver message; and calculatethe mismatch estimation using the symbol vector and the noise variance.4. The system as claimed in claim 1 wherein the control unit isconfigured to: determine the compensation channel value using a totalchannel evaluation, the enhancement a-posteriori ratio, a hard-decisionmechanism, or a combination thereof from the receiver message; andcalculate the mismatch estimation using the compensation channel valueor the total channel evaluation.
 5. The system as claimed in claim 1wherein the control unit is configured to: determine a decoder-selectionadjustment for adjusting between a mismatch-sensitive mechanism and amismatch-insensitive mechanism; and calculate a first extrinsic value, asecond extrinsic value, or a combination thereof with for determiningthe enhancement a-posteriori ratio and further configured to decode theremainder portion with using the decoder-selection adjustment.
 6. Thesystem as claimed in claim 1 wherein the control unit is configured to:calculate a first extrinsic value, a second extrinsic value, or acombination thereof for determining the enhancement a-posteriori ratio;and decode the remainder portion using a decoder-selection adjustment.7. The system as claimed in claim 1 wherein the control unit isconfigured to calculate the mismatch estimation using a hard-decisionmechanism.
 8. The system as claimed in claim 7 wherein the control unitis configured to: determine the enhancement a-posteriori ratio includinga system component, a parity component, or a combination thereof; andcalculate the mismatch estimation using the system component only, theparity component only, portions therein, or a combination thereof. 9.The system as claimed in claim 7 wherein the control unit is configuredto calculate the mismatch estimation without re-encoding a systemcomponent.
 10. The system as claimed in claim 7 wherein the control unitis configured to: determine the enhancement a-posteriori ratio using amismatch-insensitive mechanism; and decode the remainder portion using amismatch-sensitive mechanism.
 11. The system as claimed in claim 7wherein the control unit is configured to update the mismatchestimation, the compensation channel value, and the compensationextrinsic data based on decoding the remainder portion limited by afurther run threshold.
 12. The system as claimed in claim 7 furthercomprising: a storage unit, coupled to the control unit, configured tostore the enhancement a-posteriori ratio; and wherein: the control unitis configured to compensate the enhancement a-posteriori ratio with thecompensation channel value, the compensation extrinsic data, or acombination thereof.
 13. The system as claimed in claim 1 wherein in thecontrol unit is configured to determine the enhancement a-posterioriratio based on decoding the evaluation portion of the receiver messageusing a maximum-probability mechanism.
 14. The system as claimed inclaim 1 wherein in the control unit is configured to determine theenhancement a-posteriori ratio based on decoding the evaluation portionof the receiver message using the mismatch-insensitive mechanism forapproximating a logarithmic-probability mechanism.
 15. The system asclaimed in claim 1 wherein the control unit is configured to determine adecoder-selection adjustment for adjusting between alogarithmic-probability mechanism and a maximum-probability mechanism.16. A method of operation of a communication system comprising:determining an enhancement a-posteriori ratio based on decoding anevaluation portion of a receiver message using a mismatch-insensitivemechanism limited by an initial run threshold; calculating a mismatchestimation with a control unit based on the enhancement a-posterioriratio; determining a compensation channel value, a compensationextrinsic data, or a combination thereof using the mismatch estimation;and decoding a remainder portion of the receiver message using amismatch-sensitive mechanism with the compensation channel value, thecompensation extrinsic data, or a combination thereof for communicatingwith a device.
 17. The method as claimed in claim 16 wherein:determining the enhancement a-posteriori ratio includes determining theenhancement a-posteriori ratio including a system component, a paritycomponent, or a combination thereof; and calculating the mismatchestimation includes calculating the mismatch estimation using the systemcomponent without using the parity component.
 18. The method as claimedin claim 16 further comprising: determining a symbol vector and aninitial instance of a noise variance from the receiver message; wherein:calculating the mismatch estimation includes calculating the mismatchestimation using the symbol vector and the noise variance.
 19. Themethod as claimed in claim 16 wherein: determining the compensationchannel value includes determining the compensation channel value usinga total channel evaluation, the enhancement a-posteriori ratio, ahard-decision mechanism, or a combination thereof from the receivermessage; and calculating the mismatch estimation includes calculatingthe mismatch estimation using the compensation channel value or thetotal channel evaluation.
 20. The method as claimed in claim 16 furthercomprising: determining a decoder-selection adjustment for adjustingbetween a mismatch-sensitive mechanism and a mismatch-insensitivemechanism; wherein: determining the enhancement a-posteriori ratioincludes calculating a first extrinsic value, a second extrinsic value,or a combination thereof with a module for determining the enhancementa-posteriori ratio; and decoding the remainder portion includes decodingthe remainder portion with the module using the decoder-selectionadjustment.
 21. The method as claimed in claim 16 wherein: calculating afirst extrinsic value, a second extrinsic value, or a combinationthereof with a module for determining the enhancement a-posterioriratio; and decoding the remainder portion includes decoding theremainder portion with a different module using a decoder-selectionadjustment.
 22. The method as claimed in claim 16 wherein calculatingthe mismatch estimation includes calculating the mismatch estimationusing a hard-decision mechanism.
 23. The method as claimed in claim 22wherein: determining the enhancement a-posteriori ratio includesdetermining the enhancement a-posteriori ratio including a systemcomponent, a parity component, or a combination thereof; and calculatingthe mismatch estimation includes calculating the mismatch estimationusing the system component only, the parity component only, portionstherein, or a combination thereof.
 24. The method as claimed in claim 22wherein calculating the mismatch estimation includes calculating themismatch estimation without re-encoding a system component.
 25. Themethod as claimed in claim 22 wherein: determining the enhancementa-posteriori ratio includes determining the enhancement a-posterioriratio using a mismatch-insensitive mechanism; and decoding the remainderportion includes decoding the remainder portion using amismatch-sensitive mechanism.
 26. The method as claimed in claim 22further comprising updating the mismatch estimation, the compensationchannel value, and the compensation extrinsic data based on decoding theremainder portion limited by a further run threshold.
 27. The method asclaimed in claim 22 further comprising: storing the enhancementa-posteriori ratio; and wherein: decoding the remainder portion includescompensating the enhancement a-posteriori ratio with the compensationchannel value, the compensation extrinsic data, or a combinationthereof.
 28. The method as claimed in claim 16 wherein determining theenhance a-posteriori ratio includes determining the enhancementa-posteriori ratio based on decoding the evaluation portion of thereceiver message using a maximum-probability mechanism.
 29. The methodas claimed in claim 16 wherein determining the enhancement a-posterioriratio includes determining the enhancement a-posteriori ratio based ondecoding the evaluation portion of the receiver message using themismatch-insensitive mechanism for approximating alogarithmic-probability mechanism.
 30. The method as claimed in claim 16further comprising determining a decoder-selection adjustment foradjusting between a logarithmic-probability mechanism and a maximumprobability mechanism.